1. Race Relations Civil Rights and African Americans

2. Why did African Americans seek reform?

3. #1 Voting Discrimination Poll tax: pay to vote Poll tax: pay to vote

5. Literacy Test: prove you can read to vote Literacy Test: prove you can read to vote VotingDiscrimination

6. Voting Discrimination Grandfather clause Grandfather clause - designed for white voters to avoid poll tax and literacy test - can vote if father or grandfather could before 1867

7. Supreme Court 1896 Supreme Court 1896 Legalized segregation Legalized segregation “separate but equal” does not violate 14 th amendment “separate but equal” does not violate 14 th amendment #2 Plessy V. Ferguson

10. Five Forks Elementary School for blacks. Front view. Built in 1918, served grades 1-5, pupil capacity of 60. No indoor plumbing and no steam/hot water heat.

11. A typical southern classroom of the early 1900s, barefoot children work under the supervision of a single teacher, who taught all subjects, ages, and grades

12. African American school, Halifax County South Boston

13. Elementary school for whites, Halifax County South Boston

14. Worsham High School and Elementary School for whites. Side view looking east. Built in 1928, served grades 1-12, pupil capacity of 300, had indoor plumbing and either steam or hot water heat.

15. #3 Jim Crow Laws Black Codes that Enforced segregation Black Codes that Enforced segregation

21. #4 Lynching Lynching: murder without a trial Lynching: murder without a trial Between 1882-1892: 900 African Americans were lynched Between 1882-1892: 900 African Americans were lynched

25. Lynchings were meant to scare and intimidate

29. What could be done to fight this system? Who led the movement to improve conditions for African Americans?

31. Early Civil Rights Leaders Booker T. Washington W.E.B.DuBois Marcus Garvey

32. Questions?