1. Implement a Image Evaluation System of Gait Analysis for Spinal Cord Injury Rats 建立脊髓損傷大白鼠 步態分析的影像評估系統 Presenter : Shiao – Chen Wang Advisor : Pei – Jarn Chen 2012.05.16

2. Outline Introduction Purpose Papers Review Material and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion Future works References

3. Introduction ( 1 / 7 ) Spinal Cord Injury Incidence of 40 new cases per million people throughout the world each year Mean age : 28.6 years old Sensory and autonomic dysfunctions, the degree of which is characteristic for the severity of the SCI Pictures form " http://www.firstthings.com/blogs/secondhandsmoke/2008/05/05/exercise-machine-trains-brain-of-paralyzed-woman-to-walk/ "

4. Introduction ( 2 / 7 ) Use Aneurysm-clip with spinal cord damage Destruction of parts : T7 、 T8 Cervical Vertebrae Thoracic Vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae Sacral Vertebrae Pictures form " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column-coloured.png “ & "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column-coloured.png"

5. Introduction ( 3 / 7 ) Experimental studies of pharmacology, neuropathology and pathophysiology commonly measure the motor function of rats. The behavioural performance can be used as an index for neural disease process or therapy efficiency.

6. Introduction ( 4 / 7 ) Measurement methods Locomotor testsSensory testsSensory motor testsMotor tests  Primary open-field tests  BBB test  Automated walkway test  Footprint analysis test  Inclined plane  Limb hanging test  Limb grip strength test  Cold sensitivity-based tests  Withdrawal reflexes  Rope walk testing  Narrow beam test  Foot slip test  Primary open-field tests  BBB test  Automated walkway test  Footprint analysis test Pictures form " Methods for behavioral testing of spinal cord injured rats "Pictures form " An inclined plane system with microcontroller to determine limb motor function of laboratory animals"Pictures form " Methods for behavioral testing of spinal cord injured rats "

7. Introduction ( 5 / 7 ) BBB test Basso, Beatie and Bresnahan Test Two or three researchers as a group and record score, then average theses cores BBB Score

8. Introduction ( 6 / 7 ) BBB Score Scores from 0 to 7 ( Indicate the return of isolated movements in the hip 、 knee and ankle joints ) Scores from 8 to 13 ( Indicate the return of paw placement and coordinated movements with the forelimbs ) Scores from 14 to 21 ( Show the return of toe clearance during stepping, predominant paw position, trunk stability and tail position )

9. Introduction ( 7 / 7 ) Pictures form "http://sunpointworld.com/products.php?csn=3&sn=13"

10. Papers Review ( 1 / 2 ) Length : 42 cm Wide : 8.2 cm Form : Functional evaluation of peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat : walking track analysis, Journal of Neuroscience Methods 108 (2001) 1-9

11. Papers Review ( 1 / 2 ) PL : distance from the heel to the third toe TS : distance from the first to the fifth toe ITS : distance from the second to the fourth toe

12. Papers Review ( 1 / 2 ) Print Length Factor Sciatic Function Index-formula Toe Spread Factor Intermediary Toe spread Factor ( EIT - NIT )/ NIT ( EPL – NPL )/ NPL ( ETS – NTS )/ NTS Experimental Print Length Normal Print Length Experimental Toe Spread Normal Toe Spread Experimental Intermediary Toe Normal Intermediary Toe 0Normal -100Transection of the sciatic nerve

13. Papers Review ( 2 / 2 ) Form : Automatic analysis of altered gait in arylsulphatase A-deficient mice in the open field, Behavior Research Methods, 2009, 41 (3), 787-794

14. Papers Review ( 2 / 2 ) From three color bands, the following grayscale image was calculated, enhancing the pixels with a strong red color

15. Papers Review ( 2 / 2 ) Distinguish footprint error correct Pictures form "Automatic analysis of altered gait in arylsulphatase A-deficient mice in the open field"

16. Papers Review ( 2 / 2 ) Forelimb distance Hindlimb distane Right limb distance Left limb distance Left Fore limb Stride Right Fore limb Stride Left Hindlimb limb Stride Right Hindlimb limb Stride Pictures form "Automatic analysis of altered gait inarylsulphatase A-deficient mice in the open field"

17. Purpose Use a camera to analyze animal behavior Combination of the BBB scores and gait parameters to measure the rat activity behavior Provide an objective scoring and high reliability by designed computer assistant system

18. Material and Methods

20. Analysis of side scan  Convet RGB to YCbCr

21. Material and Methods Analysis of side scan  Find center of mark

22. Material and Methods Analysis of side scan  Calculate the angle

23. Material and Methods Analysis of bottom scan  Find body and limbs

24. Material and Methods Analysis of bottom scan  Median filter 1819182021 191552021 2019212019 202116018 1719222019 18 19 20 21155 中值 1819182021 19 2021 2019212019 202116018 1719222019 胡椒鹽式雜訊

25. Material and Methods Analysis of bottom scan  Otus

26. Material and Methods Analysis of bottom scan  Find center of body and limbs

27. Results and Discussion

35. Conclusion The developed system Advantage  Low cost  Use a camera that can analyze all the patterns of behavior images for rats  Reduce the effect of subjective consciousness and human factors Defect  Frames / sec is not enough  Marker in the error order while big movement

36. Future works More data Collection To improve the hardware Annular animal cage

37. References Methods for behavioral testing of spinal cord injured rats, Jirˇı´ Sˇ edy´ a,b, Lucia Urdzı´kova´ a,b, Pavla Jendelova´ a,b, Eva Sykova´ a,b, Received 15 March 2007; received in revised form 9 August 2007; accepted 3 October 2007 Automatic analysis of altered gait inarylsulphatase A-deficient mice in the open field, Toon Leroy, Stijn Stroobants, Jean-Marie Aerts, Rudi D’Hooge, and Daniel Berckmans, Behavior Research Methods, 2009, 41 (3), 787-794 Functional evaluation of peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat : walking track analysis, Artur S.P. Varejfio a,* Marcel F. Meek b Antdnio J.A. Ferreira °, JoS.o A.B. Patricio d Antdnio M.S. Cabrita e, Journal of Neuroscience Methods 108 (2001) 1-9 An inclined plane system with microcontroller to determine limb motor function of laboratory animals, Ming-Wen Chang, Ming-Shing Young, and Mao-Tsun Lin, Journal of Neuroscience Methods., 168: 186– 194, 2008. Robotic Assessment of Locomotor Recovery in Spinal Contused Rats, J.A.Nessler,D.J.Reinkensmeyer, K.Sharp,E.Kwak1,K.Minakata,R.D.DeLeon,26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Robot Applied Stance Loading Increases Hindlimb Muscle Mass and Stepping Kinetics in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury, Jeff A.Nessler, Moustafa Moustafa-Bayoumi, Dalziel Soto, Jessica E. Duhon, Ryan Schmitt, 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS

38. Thank you for your attention !!