1. The PLANETOCOSMICS Geant4 application L. Desorgher Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern

2. Outline Motivation Description of the code Simulation results for the Earth + validation Simulation results for Mars Simulation results for Mercury Results for Jupiter and Europa

3. Energetic particles in space Energetic particles in space Permises Interdites Galactic cosmic rays ~10 MeV->10 26 eV Solar energetic particles ~keV-> GeV Radiation belts in magnetosphere ~keV->10 2 MeV

4. Motivation : model the interactions of energetic particles with planets Motivation : model the interactions of energetic particles with planets Permises Interdites Atmosphere ionisation Sputtering of atmosphere and surface Production of cosmogenic nuclides Measurements of the soil composition Quantify the radiation environment of planets Albedo, CRAND process Dose for aircrew and space mission Dose vs depth in soil

5. Laurent Desorgher5 PLANETOCOSMICS GEANT4 Application Interaction of energetic particles with Planet Atmospheres and Soils.

6. Laurent Desorgher6 PLANETOCOSMICS Geant4 Application Propagation of charged particles in the Planet Magnetosphere

7. PLANETOCOSMICS PLANETOCOSMICS Permises Interdites Interaction of energetic particles with Earth, Mars, Mercury Fluxes of secondary particles at user defined altitudes atmospheric depths, and soil depths Energy deposited vs atmospheric depth and vs soil depth Propagation in magnetic field Different coordinate system relative to planets Visualisation of particle trajectories and field lines Analysis based on Root or AIDA

8. Flux of ionising particles over Moscow in 2000 Flux of ionising particles over Moscow in 2000 Permises Interdites

9. Atmosphere ionisation induced by GCR Atmosphere ionisation induced by GCR Permises Interdites New Hampshire Durham 1969

10. Neutron flux at 56 g cm -2 R c =0.8 GV in June 1997 Permises Interdites

11. The 20 th January 2005 Ground Level Enhancement Neutron Monitor Observations

12. From NM data we deduce the characteristic of the solar proton population outside the magnetosphere: apparent source pitch angle distribution rigidity spectrum Propagation in the magnetosphere with PLANETOCOSMICS Flux at the top of the atmosphere Air shower computed with PLANETOCOSMICS Ionisation secondary flux Effective dose January 20, 2005 GLE: The Method

13. Atmospheric ionisation at 300 g cm -2 at 06:57 on January 20 th, 2005

14. Permises Interdites ENDF This work Flux of neutrons on Mars (-47.8 N and 174 E) induced by galactic cosmic ray protons at solar minimum

15. Contribution of different particle types to Ambient equivalent dose on Mars Permises Interdites ENDF This work

16. 10 MeV e - in the most magnetized region of Mars Permises Interdites ENDF This work

17. Permises Interdites ENDF This work Magnetic shielding on Mars at -47.8 N and 174 E 10 MeV protons 1 10 MeV e - Tracking of 10 7 downward mono-energetic particles starting at 300 km altitude Detection of number of particles that hits the ground in function of position

18. Laurent Desorgher18 Mercury Soil + Dipole B0= 300 nT 10 GeV protons from dayside e- >1 MeV e+ > 1 MeV proton > 10 MeV

19. Quasi trapped e - in Mercury dipole Gurtner et al, 2006

20. Effective Vertical Cut-off Rigidity at Jupiter Gurtner et al, 2006 Effective Vertical Cut-off Rigidity at Jupiter

21. Radiations at Europa (~9.4 R j ) Gurtner et al, 2006

22. Dose in Europa soil (ice) Gurtner et al, 2006

23. More informations on Gurtner et al, 2005 cosray.unibe.ch/~laurent/planetocosmics