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Reproduction
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Propagation Sexual Propagation Asexual Propagation
To increase the number of plants, reproducing plants Sexual Propagation Propagation with seed Asexual Propagation Propagation without seed
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Sexual Propagation
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Fast way to get many plants
Advantages Fast way to get many plants Easy to do Economical
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Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds.
Disadvantages Some plants do not reproduce true to parents. Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds.
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Methods Direct Sow - Seeds are sown directly in container in which they are grown Indirect Sow – Seeds are sown in one container and transplanted to another after their true leaves appear.
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Seeds
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Monocot – Produce one seed leaf.
Types Monocot – Produce one seed leaf. Example: Corn Dicot – Produce two seed leaves. Example: Bean
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Viable Seed – Seeds that are live and will germinate.
Terms Mature Seed – Stage where a seed can be removed from the plant without hurting its germination. Viable Seed – Seeds that are live and will germinate.
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Cotyledon – The first leaves to appear on a plant; seed leaves
Parts Seed Coat – Outside covering of the seed which protects the embryonic plant. Cotyledon – The first leaves to appear on a plant; seed leaves
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Parts Embryo – The new plant that is developed as a result of fertilization (the seed). Endosperm – Food storage tissue which nourishes the embryonic plant during germination.
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Epicotyl – The stem located above the cotyledons of a seedling.
Parts Epicotyl – The stem located above the cotyledons of a seedling. Hypocotyl – The stem tissue located between the seedling root and the cotyledons.
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Radicle – The primary seedling root. (turns into the primary root)
Parts Radicle – The primary seedling root. (turns into the primary root)
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Preparing the Seed Scarification – Scratching, chipping, or nicking of the seed coat of certain seeds to promote germination.
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Preparing the Seed Stratification – Exposing seeds to cool temperatures, 35-50F, for a period of time to break dormancy.
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Sowing Planting seeds
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When the young plant breaks the soil surface.
Germination When the young plant breaks the soil surface. Germination Rate - % of seeds that germinate EX: 75 out of 100 = 75%
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Plant 500 seeds, 350 germinate, what is the germination rate?
Answer: 350/500 = 70% If you have a 75% germination rate and plant 240 seeds how many will germinate? Answer: 240/x = 75% so 240 * .75 = 180 You have 679 seeds germinate with a germination rate of 85% how many seeds did you plant? Answer: x * .85 = 679 so 679/.85 = = 799
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The Order of seed germination
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Seedlings – Young plants which have germinated for several days.
After Germination Seedlings – Young plants which have germinated for several days.
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Seed Leaves – 1st set of leaves to appear, usually rounded or oval.
After Germination Seed Leaves – 1st set of leaves to appear, usually rounded or oval. True Leaves – 2nd set of leaves to appear, usually look like plant’s adult leaves.
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Transplant when the first true leaves appear.
Transplanting Transplant when the first true leaves appear. Harden off – Reduction of water, humidity, and temperature to prepare for transplanting.
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