1. God, Gold, & Glory The Age of European Exploration & Expansion

2. Motives  The 3 G’s  God  religious fervor  convert natives  Gold  expand trade - esp. spices & precious metals  profit  Glory  adventure  power  national pride

3. Means  Mid-1400s  European monarchs had MORE:  Power  Resources  Advanced technology

4. Portugal  Early leader  Sailed eastward  --> India (spice trade)

5. Vasco da Gama  Cape of Good Hope  Secured control of spice trade  Took from Muslims  HUGE $$$

6. Prince Henry the Navigator  Instrumental  Patronage led to major technological advances

7. Spain  Sailed westward  Seeking route --> Asia Spain Portugal

8. Christopher Columbus  Earth not so big  Queen Isabella (Spain)  4 voyages - all end up in the Caribbean

9. Ferdinand Magellan  1519 - 1st to circumnavigate the globe (sort of)

10. Spain in the Americas  Conquistadors - the Spanish conquerors of the Americas  “Gifts” from Spain “Gifts” from Spain  Slavery  Disease  Death

11. Encomienda System  Aztec & Inca civilizations destroyed  Spanish control  Subjects of Queen  Encomienda - the right of landowners to use Native Americans as laborers  Protection - required but not followed

12. Columbian Exchange  The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas  Europe --> Americas  Horses, cattle, & wheat  Americas --> Europe  Potatoes, cocoa, corn, tomatoes, & tobacco  Transformed economic activity

13. European Rivals  Dutch  French  British

14. The Main Idea…  How did the presence of the Europeans in the “New World” impact the indigenous populations in a positive way? In a negative way?

15.  The trans-Atlantic slave trade was the trade of African people supplied to the colonies of the “New World" that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

16. Locate: Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa & the Americas

17. Africa Europe The Americas Atlantic Ocean

18. The Atlantic Slave Trade  Began in the 1500s  What purpose did the trans-Atlantic slave trade serve?

19. The Atlantic Slave Trade  Purpose:  To fill the need for labor in Spain’s American empire  Eventually provided labor for British and French colonies in the Americas

20. Triangular Trade  What is triangular trade?

21. Triangular Trade  Hint: It is not the trading of triangles… Hey! Sweet triangle dude! Want to trade it for a chicken leg?

22. Triangular Trade  Triangular trade is trade between three ports or regions.  Most famous: West Africa, the Americas, and Europe

24. The Middle Passage  The Middle Passage was the sea lane west from Africa that carried abducted or recently purchased African slaves.

25. The Middle Passage  1 - 6 month journey (weather dependent)  Estimated 11+ million Africans  A 1 - 6 month cruise sounds good, right?

26. Middle Passage  Problems:  Overcrowding  Disease  Brutal, inhuman treatment  Many died due to poor conditions  Dysentery  Scurvy  Starvation  Smallpox

27. Packing Instructions: This showed ship owners how to most efficiently pack his ship with slaves. This was all below deck – no windows, no bathrooms, little to no food or water, and they were all shackled. Imagine being like that for 1-6 months. It’s no wonder many slaves chose to commit suicide by jumping ship…a death by drowning seemed kinder than a middle passage cruise into a life of slavery