1. Pre-Algebra HOMEWORK
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2. Students will be able to solve sequences and represent functions by completing the following assignments.
Learn to find terms in an arithmetic sequence.
Learn to find terms in a geometric sequence.
Learn to find patterns in sequences.
Learn to represent functions with tables, graphs, or equations.

3. Today’s Learning Goal Assignment
Learn to find terms in an arithmetic sequence.

4. Arithmetic Sequences 12-1 Warm Up Problem of the Day
Lesson Presentation
Pre-Algebra

5. Arithmetic Sequences 12-1 Warm Up 1. 1, 5, 9, 13, . . .
Pre-Algebra
12-1
Arithmetic Sequences
Warm Up
Find the next two numbers in the pattern, using the simplest rule you can find.
1. 1, 5, 9, 13, . . .
2. 100, 50, 25, 12.5, . . .
3. 80, 87, 94, 101, . . .
4. 3, 9, 7, 13, 11, . . .
17, 21
6.25, 3.125
108, 115
17, 15

6. Problem of the Day
Write the last part of this set of equations so that its graph is the letter W.
y = –2x + 4 for 0  x  2
y = 2x – 4 for 2 < x  4
y = –2x + 12 for 4 < x  6
Possible answer: y = 2x – 12 for 6 < x  8

7. Vocabulary
sequence
term
arithmetic sequence
common difference

8. A sequence is a list of numbers or objects, called terms, in a certain order. In an arithmetic sequence, the difference between one term and the next is always the same. This difference is called the common difference. The common difference is added to each term to get the next term.

9. Additional Example 1A: Identifying Arithmetic Sequences
Determine if the sequence could be arithmetic. If so, give the common difference.
A. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, . . .
Find the difference of each term and the term before it.
, . . . 3 3 3 3
The sequence could be arithmetic with a common difference of 3.

10. Try This: Example 1A
Determine if the sequence could be arithmetic. If so, give the common difference.
A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . .
Find the difference of each term and the term before it.
, . . . 1 1 1 1
The sequence could be arithmetic with a common difference of 1.

11. Additional Example 1B: Identifying Arithmetic Sequences
Determine if the sequence could be arithmetic. If so, give the common difference.
B. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, . . .
Find the difference of each term and the term before it.
, . . . 2 3 4 5
The sequence is not arithmetic.

12. Try This: Example 1B
Determine if the sequence could be arithmetic. If so, give the common difference.
B. 1, 3, 7, 8, 12, …
Find the difference of each term and the term before it.
, . . . 2 4 1 4
The sequence is not arithmetic.

13. Additional Example 1C: Identifying Arithmetic Sequences
Determine if the sequence could be arithmetic. If so, give the common difference.
C. 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, . . .
Find the difference of each term and the term before it.
, . . . –5 –5 –5 –5
The sequence could be arithmetic with a common difference of –5.

14. Try This: Example 1C
Determine if the sequence could be arithmetic. If so, give the common difference.
C. 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, . . .
Find the difference of each term and the term before it.
, . . . 11 11 11 11
The sequence could be arithmetic with a common difference of 11.

15. Additional Example 1D: Identifying Arithmetic Sequences
Determine if the sequence could be arithmetic. If so, give the common difference.
D. 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6, 6.1, . . .
Find the difference of each term and the term before it.
, . . .
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
The sequence could be arithmetic with a common difference of 0.1.

16. Try This: Example 1D
Determine if the sequence could be arithmetic. If so, give the common difference.
D. 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, . . .
Find the difference of each term and the term before it.
, . . .
The sequence could be arithmetic with a common difference of 0.

17. Additional Example 1E: Identifying Arithmetic Sequences
Determine if the sequence could be arithmetic. If so, give the common difference.
E. 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, . . .
Find the difference of each term and the term before it.
– , . . . –1 –1 1 1
The sequence is not arithmetic.

18. Try This: Example 1E
Determine if the sequence could be arithmetic. If so, give the common difference.
E. 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, . . .
Find the difference of each term and the term before it.
, . . . 2 2 2 1
The sequence is not arithmetic.

19. FINDING THE nth TERM OF AN ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE
Writing Math
Subscripts are used to show the positions of terms in the sequence. The first term is a1, the second is a2, and so on.
FINDING THE nth TERM OF AN ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE
The nth term an of an arithmetic sequence with common difference d is
an = a1 + (n – 1)d.

20. Additional Example 2A: Finding a Given Term of an Arithmetic Sequence
Find the given term in the arithmetic sequence.
A. 10th term: 1, 3, 5, 7, . . .
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a10 = 1 + (10 – 1)2
a10 = 19

21. an = a1 + (n – 1)d a15 = 1 + (15 – 1)2 a15 = 29 Try This: Example 2A
Find the given term in the arithmetic sequence.
A. 15th term: 1, 3, 5, 7, . . .
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a15 = 1 + (15 – 1)2
a15 = 29

22. Additional Example 2B: Finding a Given Term of an Arithmetic Sequence
Find the given term in the arithmetic sequence.
B. 18th term: 100, 93, 86, 79, . . .
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a18 = (18 – 1)(–7)
a18 = -19

23. an = a1 + (n – 1)d a50 = 100 + (50 – 1)(-7) a50 = –243
Try This: Example 2B
Find the given term in the arithmetic sequence.
B. 50th term: 100, 93, 86, 79, . . .
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a50 = (50 – 1)(-7)
a50 = –243

24. Additional Example 2C: Finding a Given Term of an Arithmetic Sequence
Find the given term in the arithmetic sequence.
C. 21st term: 25, 25.5, 26, 26.5, . . .
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a21 = 25 + (21 – 1)(0.5)
a21 = 35

25. an = a1 + (n – 1)d a41 = 25 + (41 – 1)(0.5) a41 = 45
Try This: Example 2C
Find the given term in the arithmetic sequence.
C. 41st term: 25, 25.5, 26, 26.5, . . .
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a41 = 25 + (41 – 1)(0.5)
a41 = 45

26. Additional Example 2D: Finding a Given Term of an Arithmetic Sequence
Find the given term in the arithmetic sequence.
D. 14th term: a1 = 13, d = 5
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a14 = 13 + (14 – 1)5
a14 = 78

27. an = a1 + (n – 1)d a2 = 13 + (2 – 1)5 a2 = 18 Try This: Example 2D
Find the given term in the arithmetic sequence.
D. 2nd term: a1 = 13, d = 5
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a2 = 13 + (2 – 1)5
a2 = 18

28. You can use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic sequence to solve for other variables.

29. Additional Example 3: Application
The senior class held a bake sale. At the beginning of the sale, there was $20 in the cash box. Each item in the sale cost 50 cents. At the end of the sale, there was $63.50 in the cash box. How many items were sold during the bake sale?
Identify the arithmetic sequence: , 21, 21.5, 22, . . .
a1 = 20.5
Let a1 = 20.5 = money after first sale.
d = 0.5
an = 63.5

30. Additional Example 3 Continued
Let n represent the item number in which the cash box will contain $ Use the formula for arithmetic sequences.
an = a1 + (n – 1) d
63.5 = (n – 1)(0.5)
Solve for n.
63.5 = n – 0.5
Distributive Property.
63.5 = n
Combine like terms.
43.5 = 0.5n
Subtract 20 from both sides.
87 = n
Divide both sides by 0.5.
During the bake sale, 87 items are sold in order for the cash box to contain $63.50.

31. Try This: Example 3
Johnnie is selling pencils for student council. At the beginning of the day, there was $10 in his money bag. Each pencil costs 25 cents. At the end of the day, he had $40 in his money bag. How many pencils were sold during the day?
Identify the arithmetic sequence: 10.25, 10.5, 10.75, 11, …
a1 = 10.25
Let a1 = = money after first sale.
d = 0.25
an = 40

32. Try This: Example 3 Continued
Let n represent the number of pencils in which he will have $40 in his money bag. Use the formula for arithmetic sequences.
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
40 = (n – 1)(0.25)
Solve for n.
40 = n – 0.25
Distributive Property.
Combine like terms.
40 = n
30 = 0.25n
Subtract 10 from both sides.
120 = n
Divide both sides by 0.25.
120 pencils are sold in order for his money bag to contain $40.

33. Lesson Quiz
Determine if each sequence could be arithmetic. If so, give the common difference.
1. 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, . . .
2. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, . . .
Find the given term in each arithmetic sequence.
3. 15th term: a1 = 7, d = 5
4. 24th term: 1, , , , 2
5. 52nd term: a1 = 14.2; d = –1.2
yes; 7 no 77 5 4 3 2
, or 6.75 27 4 7 4
–47