1. Cellular Respiration What is it? extracting the energy from glucose and using it to charge ADP to make ATP Who performs cell respiration? One way or another, EVERY LIVING THING

2. What’s the BIG PICTURE Well…that depends on the conditions. –If there is no oxygen (or no mitochondria), only steps in the cytoplasm happen –With O2 more energy can be “extracted” from glucose to put into ATP molecules

3. Cellular Respiration –What are the steps? –Anaerobic cell respiration Glycolysis + Fermentation –Aerobic cell respiration Glycolysis + Krebs Cycle + ETC Purpose is the same, just different methods.

4. Cell Respiration - Two types - Anaerobic respiration: O2 not needed; - done by yeast, certain bacteria, exhausted muscle cells of animals - produces 2 ATP per glucose - Two steps: - glycolysis - fermentation: alcohol or lactic acid

6. Step 1 Glycolysis – “glucose splitting” –Glucose split into 2 pyruvate –2 ATP used –4 ATP and 2 NADH made –Happens in cytoplasm –First step of BOTH ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC RESPIRATION

8. Steps Fermentation – - conversion of pyruvate to Alcohol and CO2 (yeast) or Lactic acid (exhausted muscle cells) - no more ATP generated - Purpose: “empties” electron carriers so glycolysis can happen again

10. Cell Respiration - SECOND type - Aerobic respiration: O2 needed -Requires mitochondria -Produces 36 ATP per glucose -Three steps: -Glycolysis (followed by shuttle step) -Krebs -Electron transport Chain

11. + 6O 2 ---  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O - getting the energy back out of storage C6H12O6 ADP + P ATP Equation for Aerobic C. R. The equation that we use for cellular respiration is really AEROBIC cell respiration

12. Mitochondria Krebs cycle takes place in the matrix – Purpose: to break apart C-C and C-H bonds –Energy transferred to electron carriers and a few ATP

13. Aerobic Respiration Steps

14. Step 1 Glycolysis: EXACTLY the same as the beginning of anaerobic respiration –BUT next step is different…

15. Step 1.5 Shuttle step– converts pyruvate to Acetyl-coA and moves it into the mitochondria –Releases some CO2, fills up some electron carriers (2 NADH) –Has many names: prep step, grooming step, etc.

16. Step 1 – Preparation for Krebs Cycle

17. Step 2 Krebs cycle – Happens in mitochondrial matrix PURPOSE 1. Oxidizes pyruvate 2. Fills up e - carriers (FAD, NAD) – 2 acetyl CoA broken down to 4 CO2 –2 ATP, 2 FADH, 6 NADH made PER GLUCOSE

18. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

19. Step 3 Electron Transport chain – –All the filled electron carriers (NADH, FADH2) dump their electrons here –Energy in electrons is transferred to to make 32 ATP –“dead” Electrons “caught” by O2 to make H2O

20. Oxidative Phosphorylation

22. ETC + Chemiosmosis

23. Steps Final Tally: Create a table in your notes packet

24. Respiration What do we notice about respiration in comparison to Photosynthesis?

25. THE BIG PICTURE

28. Is energy recycled? What about the reactants and products??