1. Pages
Cellular Respiration

2. Overview of Respiration
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Overview of Respiration
All organisms respire!
Cellular respiration is like the reverse reaction of photosynthesis
Products of photosynthesis become the reactants of cellular respiration
Respiration breaks down glucose (Catabolic Rxn.)
ATP energy is released
ATP is used for cellular processes like movement of materials, cellular reproduction, protein synthesis, etc.

3. Glucose

4. Overview of Respiration
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Overview of Respiration
4. What Organelle is involved in cellular respiration?
MITOCHONDRIA

5. Overview of Respiration
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Overview of Respiration
Two Types of Cellular Respiration:
Aerobic (Requires Oxygen)
Anaerobic (No oxygen required)

6. Overview of Respiration
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Overview of Respiration
(Aerobic)
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
Ok! Lets look at our Reactants!
1) Glucose
2) Oxygen
Wait! You just told me there is a process that does not reqire oxygen??

7. This is where it gets confusing……
For the purposes of this class, we are going to focus on regular cellular respiration which is aerobic (requires oxygen).
However, keep in mind that some simple organisms can only do anaerobic (no oxygen required) cellular respiration.

8. Where do the reactants come from?
Glucose - made during Photosynthesis. Oxygen - is in the air.

9. CELLULAR RESPIRATION AEROBIC RESPIRATION Cellular Respiration
The formula for aerobic cellular respiration is
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
The “word” equation for this is:

10. Electron Transport Chain, or ETC
Cellular Respiration
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Aerobic cellular respiration has 3 stages.
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron Transport Chain, or ETC

11. Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS Glucose is Broken Down Inputs: Outputs: 1 Glucose
2 ATP
Outputs:
2 Pyruvate
2 NADH
2 ATP Net (4 ATP made but 2 used = 2 left)
Occurs in the CYTOPLASM

12. Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS Per 1 molecule of glucose and 2 molecules of
ATP, how many….
Net # of ATP made?
NADPH made?
Pyruvate made?
Where does pyruvate come from?
Where does glycolysis take place?

13. AEROBIC RESPIRATION Step 2: KREB’S CYCLE
The step in which pyruvate is broken down
Inputs:
2 Pyruvate
Outputs:
2 ATP
8 NADH
2 FADH2
6 CO2
Occurs in the mitochondria

15. Step 2: KREB’S CYCLE
AEROBIC RESPIRATION

16. Step 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
In this step, the breakdown of Glucose is completed.
Inputs:
8 NADH
2 FADH2
6 O2
Outputs:
32 ATP
6 H2O
Occurs in the mitochondria

17. Step 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

18. Animation
The mitochondrial electron transport chain is similar to that used in chloroplasts for photosynthesis. NADH and FADH2 molecules formed during Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle carry their electrons to the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain creates a proton gradient that ultimately leads to the production of a large amount of ATP.

19. WOW! MY BRAIN HURTS!

20. Maybe a Video Will Help

21. Summary of Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate. 2 ATP Made
Pyruvate is further broken down in the Kreb’s Cycle. 2 ATP Made
The electron transport chain finishes breaking down glucose and makes 32 ATP
CO2 and Water are wastes (or byproducts).
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
36 ATP MADE TOTAL

22. Cellular Respiration 2 36

23. Where does Glycolysis take place?

24. What does Glycolysis require?

25. What is step 2 of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis

26. Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
Glycolysis

27. What does the Krebs Cycle Make?

28. What does the ETC Use?

29. What does the ETC Make?

30. Anaerobic respiration
Cellular respiration when oxygen is NOT present is called
Anaerobic respiration

31. But they still need ENERGY!!
ANAEROBIC- NO OXYGEN!!
Some cells can function for a little while without oxygen.
Other Cells may go their entire life without oxygen.
But they still need ENERGY!!

32. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Can release energy when oxygen is not present but...
It’s far less efficient.
Begins with glycolysis followed by fermentation.

33. Same as Before: Glucose is Broken Down
Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS
Same as Before: Glucose is Broken Down
Inputs:
Glucose
2 ATP
Outputs:
2 Pyruvate
2 NADH
4 ATP
Occurs in the CYTOPLASM

34. Special Note:
Glycolysis can produce thousands of ATP molecules in milliseconds.
But quickly fills all available NAD+ (electron carriers) with electrons and the process stops, so it’s only good for short-term energy.

35. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Step 2: FERMENTATION
Type of anaerobic respiration that releases energy without oxygen
If oxygen is not present, the next step is either
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation

36. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Step 2: FERMENTATION
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid and CO2
Responsible for food production using microbes (Swiss cheese)
Causes muscle fatigue/burning

37. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Step 2: FERMENTATION
Alcoholic Fermentation
Converts pyruvic acid into alcohol and CO2
Responsible for food production using microbes (sourdough bread)

38. Summary Of Fermentation
Glycolysis  Fermentation
02+ C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + alcohol
or lactic
acid

39. Advantage of Aerobic Respiration
Yields 66% more energy
36 net ATP
That’s nearly 20 times more ATP than glycolysis alone.

40. Energy Yield without oxygen
Glycolysis  4 ATP (gross)
Fermentation+ 2 ATP
6 ATP
But 2 ATP go back into glycolysis as the energy to start the reaction, so there is only 4 net ATP from anaerobic respiration!!! (32 less than aerobic)

41. What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration?
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.3 Formative Questions
What is the overall purpose of cellular
respiration?
to make ATP
to process H2O
to store glucose
to deliver oxygen

42. Which represents the general sequence of cellular respiration?
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.3 Formative Questions
Which represents the general sequence of
cellular respiration?
TCA cycle chemiosmosis glycolysis
glycolysis Krebs cycle electron transport
electron absorption catalysis
phosphorylation
fermentation
aerobic pathway anaerobic pathway

43. Which stage of cellular respiration is the anaerobic process?
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.3 Formative Questions
Which stage of cellular respiration is the
anaerobic process?
glycolysis
Krebs cycle
electron transport

44. Which molecule generated by the Krebs cycle is a waste product?
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.3 Formative Questions
Which molecule generated by the Krebs cycle is a waste product?
CoA
CO2
FADH2
NADH

45. What prevents pyruvate from entering the Krebs
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
Standardized Test Practice
What prevents pyruvate from entering the Krebs
cycle and instead results in this pathway?
a buildup of CO2
a lack of oxygen
an excess of
glucose
an increased
demand for ATP