1. Energy The ability to do work

2. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed – Energy is converted (changed) from one form to another – When we eat food 2.Law of Entropy - Energy can not be converted with out the loss of useable energy – The loss of energy is called Entropy – Light bulb – light energy, but looses heat

3. The Flow Plants Animals

5. How do organisms get their energy? Autotroph – makes its own food (doesn’t eat) Heterotroph – needs to eat to obtain energy

6. Autotroph Energy Photosynthesis The process of turning light energy from the sun into chemical energy used by the cell.

7. Heterotroph Energy Cellular Respiration The process of breaking down organic molecules to release energy used by the cell

8. Photosynthesis The process of turning light energy from the sun into chemical energy used by the cell. Need: Carbon dioxide – CO 2 Water – H 2 O Sunlight To Produce: Glucose – C 6 H 12 O 6 Oxygen- O 2

9. Put it all together…… 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Sunlight

10. Where? Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts Chlorophyll absorbs the light and starts the photosynthesis reaction – Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts – It is what makes plants green

11. Parts of a Chloroplast Outer Membrane Granum – Stacks of Thylakoids - where the chlorophyll is Stroma Lamellae

12. Cellular Respiration The process of breaking down organic molecules to release energy used by the cell Need Glucose - C 6 H 12 O 6 Oxygen - O 2 To Produce Carbon Dioxide - CO 2 Water - H 2 O Energy

13. Put it all together….. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy

14. The Energy Currency of The Cell ATP The unit of energy used in the cell Produced during cellular respiration When the ATP molecule is broken it releases energy ATP breakdown takes place in the mitochondria

15. Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic – requires oxygen Anaerobic – does not require oxygen

16. Aerobic Respiration Uses oxygen to make ATP What happens during cellular respiration Produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration Preferred way to make energy

17. Anaerobic Respiration Some organisms do not use oxygen to make energy – yeast and some bacteria Will happen when there is not enough oxygen This type of respiration does not produce as much ATP as aerobic respiration

18. Two Kinds of Anaerobic Respiration 1.Lactic Acid Fermentation – produces lactic acid in the cells (muscle aches, sour cream) 2.Alcohol Fermentation – produces alcohol and carbon dioxide in the cells (bacteria and yeast)