1. Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration
Table of Contents
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration

2. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
Objectives
Difference between breathing and cellular respiration.
Describe the major events in glycolysis (part of respiration).
Compare lactic acid fermentation with alcoholic fermentation (respiration without oxygen).

3. Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Cycle
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Cycle

4. I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
Breathing is the process of multicellular organisms bring O2 into the body and removing CO2 from the body through lungs, skin or gills. This assist the process of cellular respiration. A mechanical issue that diffuses gases for the cell.
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce ATP.
Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular respiration to make CO2 and water from organic compounds and O2.

6. I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
Breathing
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce ATP.
Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular
Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS:
Occurs in the cytoplasm
Breaks down glucose (C6) into pyruvate (2 C3)
Gives off electrons and H+ picked up by 2NAD+ to become 2NADH.
Also releases a little energy in the form of 2ATP.

7. Glycolysis NADH Chapter 7 Glycolysis
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
NADH

8. I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
Breathing
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce ATP.
Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular
Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS:
Next Stage is determined by OXYGEN:
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration uses no __________ and is also called __________________
Aerobic Cellular Respiration uses ___________

9. I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
Breathing
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce ATP.
Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular
Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS:
Next Stage is determined by OXYGEN:
FERMENTATION
Aerobic Cellular Respiration

10. Chapter 7 a. Fermentation
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
a. Fermentation
If oxygen is not present, some cells can convert pyruvic acid (2 C3) into other compounds through additional biochemical pathways that occur in the cytoplasm.
Fermentation does not produce ATP, but it does regenerate NAD+, which allows for the continued production of ATP through glycolysis.
Two types of Fermentation
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION

11. Chapter 7 a. Fermentation If oxygen is not present
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
a. Fermentation
If oxygen is not present
Fermentation does not produce ATP
Two types of Fermentation
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION - an enzyme converts pyruvic acid (2 C3) into another three-carbon compound, called lactic acid (2 C3) .
Humans = muscle cramps
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION - Some plants and unicellular organisms, such as yeast, convert pyruvic acid (2 C3) into ethyl alcohol (2 C2) and CO2 gas is released.

12. Two Types of Fermentation
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
Two Types of Fermentation

13. Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration
Table of Contents
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Glycolysis – breaks down glucose to pyruvate
-produced 2 ATP, and 2NADH
Fermentation occurs without oxygen present
-Lactic Acid and Alcoholic Fermentation
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration

14. Chapter 7 Objectives Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Relate aerobic respiration to the structure of a mitochondrion.
Summarize the events of the Krebs cycle.
Summarize the events of the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Calculate the efficiency of aerobic respiration.
Contrast the roles of glycolysis and aerobic respiration in cellular respiration.

15. Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food molecules.  

17. II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
In eukaryotic cells, the processes of aerobic respiration occur in the mitochondria. Aerobic respiration only occurs if oxygen is present in the cell.
Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm
Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration)
KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria
Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.

18. Three Main Stages of Cellular Respiration

19. II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
In eukaryotic cells
Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm
Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration)
KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria
Uses Pyruvate (2 C3) and releases 2 CO2 to make Acetyl Co A (2 C2).
The Acetyl CoA (2 C2) combines with a two carbon four molecules to make citric acid (2 C6)
Through a series of reactions, 6 NADH released, 2 ATP released, 2 FADH2 and 4 CO2 released.

20. Preparing for Kreb’s Cycle

21. Kreb's Review

22. Three Main Stages of Cellular Respiration

23. II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
In eukaryotic cells
Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm
Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration)
KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria
Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.
1) High-energy electrons in hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 are passed from molecule to molecule in the electron transport chain.
2) Protons (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up by NADH and FADH2.

24. II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.
1) High-energy electrons in hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 are passed from molecule to molecule in the electron transport chain.
2) Protons (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up by NADH and FADH2.
3) Electrons move through the ETC, they lose energy. This energy pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space.

25. Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Chapter 7

26. II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.
4) High concentration of protons creates a concentration gradient of protons and a charge gradient
5) Protons move through ATP synthase and down their concentration and electrical gradients, ATP is produced.
6) Oxygen combines with the electrons and protons to form water.

27. Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Chapter 7
ETC Review

29. Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food molecules.  

30. II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
In eukaryotic cells
Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm
Two more Stages: KREB’S Cycle and ETC
Efficiency of Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules from the oxidation of a single molecule of glucose. Most eukaryotic cells produce about 36 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose.
Thus, cellular respiration is nearly 20 times more efficient than glycolysis alone.

31. Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food molecules.  

32. Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration
Table of Contents
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Kreb’s Cycle
ETC and Chemiosmosis

33. Aerobic Cellular Respiration Vs. Fermentation
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
Aerobic Cellular Respiration Vs. Fermentation

34. Chapter 7 Comparing Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7
Comparing Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
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