2. Reconstruction

3. What was the period when the federal government tried to rebuild the South and restore the Union after the Civil War?  Reconstruction

4. Did Reconstruction lead to the political, economic, and social control of the South by whites?  YES!

5. Were the economic and political gains made by former slaves during Reconstruction permanent or temporary?  Temporary

6. Who said, “With malice towards none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds….?  Abraham Lincoln

7. Who succeeded Lincoln as president?  Andrew Johnson

8. What group of Republicans gained control of Reconstruction after Lincoln’s death?  Radical Republicans

9. Who were the Radical Republicans?  Republicans who wanted to punish the former Confederate states for causing the Civil War

10. What two demands did the Radical Republicans make during Reconstruction?  Refused to allow the Confederate states to reenter the Union until they had undergone military occupation  Wanted to guarantee voting rights and civil rights to African-Americans

11. Who were the freedmen?  Freed slaves

12. On what issue did President Andrew Johnson and the Radical Republicans clash?  Civil rights for the freedmen

13. What action did the Radical Republicans take against President Andrew Johnson?  They impeached Johnson.

14. Define impeachment.  Bringing an official to trial for misconduct in office

15. Under the Constitution, which house of Congress can impeach the President?  The House of Representatives

16. Under the Constitution, which house of Congress sits as the jury at a President’s impeachment trial?  The Senate

17. Under the Constitution, which house of Congress can remove the President from office?  The Senate

18. What proportion of senators must vote to convict the President in order to remove him from office?  2/3

19.  Andrew Johnson escaped removal from office by what margin?  One Vote

20. Which constitutional amendments are the Reconstruction amendments?  13th, 14th, 15th Amendments

21. Identify the 13th Amendment.  Freed the Slaves

22. Identify 14th Amendment.  Granted citizenship to African-Americans  Forbid the states from denying any American “equal protection of the laws”

23. Identify the 15th Amendment.  Gave African- American males the right to vote

24. What are the key words to remember the Reconstruction Amendments?  13th = Freedom  14th = Citizenship  15th = Vote

25. What were economic and social results of Reconstruction?  South was devastated and bitter.  North and Midwest had strong industrial economies.

26. What transportation improvement was completed in 1869?  1st Transcontinental Railroad

27. What did the transcontinental railroad do?  Linked the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by Rail

28. What does one call the group of people who cast the official votes for president and vice president?  The Electoral College

29. How many electoral votes does each state have?  2 for senators + # of representatives in House

30. Identify the Compromise of 1877.  A political deal between Southern Democrats and northern Republicans  Democrats supported Rutherford Hayes’ election as President and Republicans ended the military occupation of the South

31. What were two results of the Compromise of 1877?  Former Confederates, who controlled the Democratic party, regained power in the South- therefore called the Solid South  the “Jim Crow Era” soon began

32. What was the “Jim Crow Era”?  The period (late 1800s to mid-1960s) when the Southern states required racial segregation in public schools, transportation and other public facilities.

33. For what is “Jim Crow” a synonym?  Racial Segregation

34. What political rights did African-Americans lose during the “Jim Crow Era”?  The right to vote  The right to serve on juries

35. Define racial segregation.  Separation of the races  In the South, separation of blacks and whites

36.  What Reconstruction Plan was also known as the 10% Plan?  Lincoln’s Plan

37.  What Reconstruction Plan was more lenient that Lincoln’s Plan because it did not include the requirement of 10% of citizens taking an oath?  Johnson Plan

38.  What Congressional Act ended Johnson’s Plan and placed the South under five military districts?  Congressional Act of 1867

39.  What Congressional Act ended Radical Reconstruction?  Reconstruction Act of 1877

40.  Northerners that came South after the Civil seeking opportunity were called  Carpetbaggers

41.  Poor Whites that assisted northerners in the South were called  Scalawags

42.  What was one major social success of Reconstruction throughout the South?  Public Schools