1. The Civil War: 1861-1865

2. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham Lincoln – Republican vs √ Why did Lincoln win?

3. North v South in 1861: which side had all the advantages? So why does it take four years for the North to win?

4. Lincoln’s ea, rly decisions: Keep slave-holding “border states” loyal Puts border states under martial (military) law = ________ Gets rid of habeus corpus = _________ ______, ______, _______, ______

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH SIDE NORTH/UNION --industry: --Capital: --Leaders: --Strategy: --Cause: SOUTH/CONFEDERACY --industry: --Capital: --Leaders: --Strategy: --Cause:

6. The Anaconda Plan Devise a strategy to win the war Devised by General Winfield Scott –_________

7. Select a military leader RE Lee decides to fight for the Confederacy! So Lincoln selects George McClellan! McClellan proved to be a weak leader though

8. On the battlefield Why won’t McClellan fight? –__________ –____________!

9. On the battlefield 1 st Battle of Bull Run, 1861 Union defeat 25 miles away from Washington Lincoln realizes __________ August 1862, 2nd Battle of Bull Run: Union is __________ –_______________ A replaced McClellan is put back in charge after this defeat Things not looking good for Union

10. The Battle of Antietam Lee’s objectives – a victory in the border state of Maryland might convince this border state to secede! Might convince GB to recognize Confederacy!

11. September 17 th, 1862 Antietam = ______________ _________ casualties Considered ______________

12. McClellan’s Blunders! Advantage: Union! had a copy of Lee’s battle plans! Lee forced to retreat when unable to break through Union lines McClellan does nothing Militarily, battle is a draw BUT ______________________________

13. Why is Antietam so important? Announced the ___________ _________________! Freed all slaves ______________________ Did not free ______________

14. Effects Changed goal of war from preservation (keeping together) of Union → _________ Kept the border states _______ Ended possibility of _______________

15. Effects (con’t) Allowed for the recruitment ________________ Ended the criticism of _______________

16. Grant at Vicksburg: 7/1863 Union now has total control of the ______________ through Vicksburg → ____________ “Bread riots” break out in Southern cities

17. Lee’s last gamble: GETTYSBURG July 1-4, 1863 Lee tries a 2 nd invasion of the North 3 day battle end with the failure of _________________ –Out of 15,000 Confederate troops, only 100 survive Union victory seen as ___________________ Helped Lincoln _________________ July 1 – 3, 1863

18. Both sides struggle to keep armies manned 1862 – Confederate draft begins –20 Negro Law 1863 – Union draft after Union defeat at Fredericksburg –________________ –_________________ Is this a “poor man’s fight?”

19. ROLE OF OTHERS IMPORTANCE OF RAILROADS: –Lifelines for the armies; if you cut the rails, enemies would not be able to send and get supplies –Transport food, supplies, weapons; advantage for North which had more railroad mileage than the South Focus on the railroads as a key targets came at the Battle of Petersburg (Union attacked Confed RRs) IMPORTANCE OF WOMEN: –Dorothea Dix: ________________________ –Louisa May Alcott: ________________________ –Clara Barton: ____________________________________________ Women organizations created hospitals; worked to keep military camps clean; Other duties worked for Treasury Department and worked in factories making weaponry, made uniforms Some women pretended to be men and served as soldiers until discovered

20. IMPORTANCE OF BLACKS IN ARMS –____________________ ___________________

21. Appomattox Court House: 4/1865 Official _____________ surrenders to ___________

22. SAVE FOR RECONSRUCTION Election of 1864: Lincoln v McClellan Not sure Lincoln can win! New running mate chosen = Andrew Johnson → southerner & small slaveholder--Why would Lincoln have him as a running mate? To get southern support Lincoln sends South a message → the North will treat you fairly!

23. Lincoln’s Inaugural Address “With malice toward none; with charity for all…” Lincoln tries to convince the South to stop fighting!