1. Daily TAKS Connection: Replication, Transcription, Translation
BIO(6): The student knows that the structures and functions of nucleic acids in the mechanisms of genetics. The student is expected to:
(B) Explain replication, transcription, and translation using models of DNA and RNA.

2. Foldable Instructions
Construct a three tab foldable
Materials:
Foldable handout
Scissors
Pen
Colored pencils/crayons
Instructions:
Hotdog fold paper along center line
Cut tabs from edge to center along dotted lines

3. DNA Replication Notes
Record the following notes under the flap labeled “Replication” -
DNA synthesis
DNA → DNA
Occurs in the nucleus
DNA double helix unwinds; separates at hydrogen bond between base pairs
DNA polymerase adds base pairs to both strands
Adenine complements Thymine
Guanine complements Cytosine
Two “New” DNA molecules formed– one strand original, one strand new

4. Question 1 (Answer questions from notes on the back of your foldable.
DNA passes information to new DNA during the process of —
replication
b. transcription
c. translation
d. osmosis

5. Question 2
Which of the following must occur before DNA replication can take place?
a. Translation of DNA into amino acids
b. Separation of the DNA molecule into
codons
c. Transformation of DNA into RNA
d. Separation of the DNA double helix
Answer: D

6. Question 3
Part of a DNA strand is represented in the diagram shown. In order for DNA to replicate, the strand must separate at which of the following locations?
a. Between every phosphate-sugar pair
b. Between the eight sugar-base pairs
c. Between the four nitrogenous base pairs
d. Between any two chemical bonds
Answer: C

7. Question 4
If the template of a strand of DNA is 5' TCTACGTAG 3', the complementary strand will be —
a. 3' TCTACGTAG 5'
b. 5' CTACGTAGA 3'
c. 3' AGATGCATC 5'
d. 5' AGACGTCTA 3'
Answer: C

8. Transcription Notes
Record the following notes under the flap labeled “Transcription” -
RNA synthesis
DNA → RNA
Occurs in the nucleus
Adenine from DNA complements Uracil in RNA
Thymine from DNA complements Adenine in RNA
Guanine from DNA complements Cytosine in RNA
Cytosine from DNA complements Guanine in RNA

9. Question 5 DNA passes information to RNA during the process of —
a. replication
b. transcription
c. translation
d. osmosis
Answer: B

10. Question 6
3' CGGUAU 5'
This is a short section of mRNA. Which DNA code probably produced this section of RNA?
a. 3' GCCTUT 5'
b. 5' GCCAUT 3'
c. 3' ATTGCC 5'
d. 5' GCCATA 3'
Answer: D

11. Question 7
Which of these represents the DNA segment from which this section of mRNA was transcribed?
a. ACTAAG
b. TCUTTG
c. GAAUCU
d. UCCTGA
Answer: A

12. Question 8
The diagram shows how an mRNA molecule is synthesized. What would be the most likely result if a bacterial infection stopped the production of the RNA polymerase?
a. A protein could not be manufactured.
b. A lysosome would digest the cell.
c. Osmosis would not occur in the cell.
d. Dehydration could be prevented in the cytoplasm.
Answer: A

13. Translation Notes Protein synthesis RNA → protein
Record the following notes under the flap labeled “Translation” -
Protein synthesis
RNA → protein
Occurs at the ribosomes
Codons (3 base sequence) code for amino acids
Use codon chart to determine amino acid
Amino acids link together to form protein

14. Using the codon chart, transcribe the RNA nucleotide sequence below:
Activity
Using the codon chart, transcribe the RNA nucleotide sequence below:
UUCACGGAAUGG
UUC – phenylalanine
ACG - Threonine
GAA – Glutamic Acid
UGG - Stop

15. Question 9 RNA is used to code for proteins during the process of —
a. replication
b. transcription
c. translation
d. osmosis
Answer: B

16. Question 10
Translation (protein synthesis) takes place in a cell at the –
nucleus
mitochondria
ribosome
cell membrane
Answer: C