1. The Rise of Dictators TOTALITARIANISM

2. Totalitarianism: A government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life Totalitarian leaders provide appear to provide a sense of security and to give a direction for the future Utilizes secret police to crush opposition and create a sense of fear among the people

3. KEY TRAITS:

4. Dynamic Leader Unites people Symbolizes Government Encourages popular support through force of will

5. Dictatorship & One-Party Rule Exercises absolute authority Dominates the government

6. Ideology Sets goals of the state Glorifies aims of the state Justifies government actions

7. State Control of Individuals Demands loyalty Denies basic liberties Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state

8. State Control of Society Business Labor Housing Education Religion The arts Personal life Youth groups

9. Methods of Enforcement Police terror Indoctrination Censorship Persecution

10. Modern Technology Mass communication to spread propaganda Advanced military weapons

11. Benito Mussolini – Italy Il Duce Fascist Party Fasces (rod & ax) Blackshirts

12. Adolf Hitler – Germany Der Fuehrer Nazi Party Swastika Brown Shirts Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

13. Mein Kampf – My Struggle

14. Joseph Stalin – U.S.S. R. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Communist: Government controls all property and means of production 5 Year Plans: econ. Goals to transform U.S.S.R. from agriculture to INDUSTRY Great Purge: 1932-1933 – Over 8 mil. Russians are arrested and sent to Gulags (prison/labor camps) in Siberia or executed. Peasants farms are collectivized – 10 mil. Peasants die!

15. Joseph Stalin

17. Russian Peasants

19. General Francisco Franco - Spain 1936 -1939: Leads military revolt against the democratic government beginning the bloody Spanish Civil War Stalin supports Franco by sending trucks, planes, tanks, & military advisor Hitler and Mussolini send arms, money, and men

20. Franco Becomes Dictator of Spain Establishes Authoritarian regime favoring large landowners, businessmen, & Catholic Clergy (because he favored traditional groups and did not control every aspect of society his dictatorship is authoritarian – not totalitarian)

21. Guernica by Pablo Picasso