1. Quaternary Environments Overview

4. Scale of Variation

6. Energy Balance

7. Milancovich Cycles

8. Paleomagnetism

9. http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/Intro.htmlhttp://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/Intro.html; Illustration by Steele Hill

10. Ice Cores

12. Marine Sediments

13. , Foramnifera, Diatoms, Coccoliths, and Dinoflagellates

14. Packrat Midden

15. Lake Coring

16. Macrofossil Seeds

17. Phytolith Morphology

18. Pollen Analysis

19. Isochrones of Vegetation Migration

20. Dendrochronology

21. J.M.W Turner, England: Richmond Hill, on the Prince Regent’s Birthday, 1819

22. 1889 George Roskruge’s surveying party standing above Monkey Spring

23. 1962 Growth of shrubs and grasses including exotics Bermuda grass and Watercress

24. 1994 Plants have continued to encroach on the site with Velvet mesquite, one- seed Juniper, Gooding willow, and Fremont cottonwood being common

25. View of a Hurricane through satellite imagery

26. Paleoclimate Models

27. Worldwide Megafaunal Extinctions

28. Fig. 1-1 p. 2 World Population

29. North America by Night

30. Human Disturbance Tropic of Capricorn Equator Predominantly natural Partially disturbed Human dominated Antarctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Arctic Circle