1. Q5 from 5.3
Identify all the species in the table which could convert I–aq) into I2(aq) but which could not convert Br–(aq) into Br2(l).

2. Fe3+ ; (1) NO3– (1)

3. EOMT next Tuesday

4. Transition metals
L.O.:
Deduce the electron configurations of atoms and ions of the d-block elements.
Describe the elements Ti–Cu as transition elements.

5. First row of the transition metal block

6. Energy-level diagram showing the overlap of the 3d and 4s sub-shells6

8. Tip: 4s orbital is filled before 3d, but 4s electrons are removed before any electrons are taken out from the 3-d sub-shell.

9. Write electronic configurations of: Sc, Ti, Cu and Zn
Write electronic configurations of: Sc, Ti, Cu and Zn. To which block of the periodic table do Sc, Ti and Cu belong to? Why? Write the electronic configurations of Sc3+, Zn2+, Cu+ and Cu2+. Why Sc and Zn are not transition metals?

10. A transition element is a d-block element that forms an ion with an incomplete d sub-shell

11. Give the electronic configuration of the following atoms: a) V b) Cr
a) V
b) Cr
c) Co
d) Cu
e) Zn
5.4 Exercise 1
1. a) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 b) 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5
c) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7 d) 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10
d) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10

12. 2. Give the electronic configuration of the following ions: a) Co2+
a) Co2+
b) Cu+
c) V3+
d) Cr3+
e) Fe3+
2. a) 1s22s22p63s23p63d7 b) 1s22s22p63s23p63d10
c) 1s22s22p63s23p63d2 d) 1s22s22p63s23p63d3
d) 1s22s22p63s23p63d5

13. L.O.:
Illustrate the existence of more than one oxidation state for a transition element in its compounds.
Illustrate the formation of coloured metal ions.

14. Properties of transition metals
List all of the properties metals exhibit :
Good conductors of heat and electricity
High melting and boiling points
Malleable
Ductile
Shinny
Usually strong (high tensile and compressive strength)
Ions are usually brightly coloured
Often can be used when in compounds or as metals as a catalyst

15. Oxidation numbers and colours of the common d block metal ions

16. Catalysis and precipitation
Illustrate the catalytic behaviour of the transition elements and/or their compounds.
Describe the simple precipitation reactions of Cu2+ (aq), Co2+(aq), Fe2+(aq) and Fe3+(aq) with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

17. Hydrogenation of the C=C bond in alkenes

18. Catalytic properties of transition metals
Two main causes for their catalytic properties
They can provide a solid surface onto which the reactant can ADSORB and thereby hold it in place
Their variable oxidation state allows them to form intermediates with reactants that lowers the activation energy of the reaction

19. Catalysts dependent on transition metals
Catalytic converters – use platinum, rhodium and palladium
Haber process uses iron
Hydrogenation of alkenes uses nickel metal
Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide uses MnO2
CONTACT PROCESS uses vanadium (V) oxide to convert sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide which is needed to make sulfuric acid

20. Precipitating out transition metal ions
Transition metals in aqueous solution can be precipitated out using NaOH(aq) to produce a insoluble transition metal hydroxide
Write out the balanced equation for each of these metals
Ion
Observations when NaOH is added
Equation
Cu2+(aq)
Blue solution reacts to form a blue precipitate
Co2+ (aq),
Pink solution reacts to form a blue precipitate
Fe2+ (aq)
Pale green solution forms a green precipitate
Fe3+ (aq)
Pale yellow solution forms a rusty-brown precipitate