1. WARM UP 2/5/15 What is a survey and why is it important that you have a diverse sampling group? ACT: deterrent (noun)That which deters or prevents.

2. Surveys and questionnaires Surveys or questionnaires require subjects to read questions and mark their answers. Some psychologists observe behavior and mental processes by administering standardized tests.

3. Standardized tests allow the researcher to measure some aspect of the participant’s behaviors and/or mental processes and compare each individual’s outcome to that of others who have also performed the same test.

4. Question: Why are proper sampling techniques important? Samples must accurately represent the populations they are supposed to represent.

5. Populations and samples Imagine your town is holding a referendum on whether or not to institute a 10:00 PM curfew for people under the age of 18. How would you predict the outcome? Poll people who say they are going to vote 18+ Poll diverse people

6. TARGET POPULATIONS: – The whole group you want to study SAMPLES: – Only part of the population Why only part and not all?

7. Samples Random- individuals are selected by chance. Odds are it will be very diverse. Stratified- proportional representation. – Example 17% of the USA is made up of Latinos. So you would ensure 17% of your surveys are from Latinos.

8. Generalizing Results – be careful not to generalize outside of your sample group. (Don’t generalize to women if only men used in study or to the whole country if you only observe one part)

9. Volunteer Bias – Different outlooks than non- volunteers. – Example: Elderly will be more sympathetic to Elder issues than young people.

10. Group Work Instructions will be handed out Work in groups of 4 (sitting nearest to you)

11. 2/6/2015 WARM UP What are 2 ways of conducting surveys? ACT: collaborate (verb)To work together, usually in a professional context.

12. Question: What are the various methods of observation, and how is correlation used in analyzing results? METHODS OF OBSERVATION Testing Method – several types of tests measure various elements of human behavior such as abilities, interests, and personality

13. Case-study Method – researchers conduct in- depth investigations of individuals or small groups

14. Longitudinal Method – a group of participants are observed at intervals over an extended period of time

15. Cross-Sectional Method – researchers compare the differences and similarities among people in different age groups at a given time

16. Naturalistic-Observation Method – researchers observe the behavior of people or animals in their natural habitats

17. Laboratory-Observation Method – participants are observed in a laboratory setting

18. 2 nd Block I will let your groups conduct your surveys one group at a time. You need to be sure to be respectful of the class you are visiting. If the teachers says now is not a good time then do not press the issue. Do not cause a disruption to that class in any way. Once done return to class (5-6 min max)

19. 3 rd Block I will let your groups conduct your surveys one group at a time. You need to be sure to be respectful of the class you are visiting. If the teachers says now is not a good time then do not press the issue. Do not cause a disruption to that class in any way. Once done return to class (5-6 min max)

20. Once back in class ……. Each group has 15 min to pull their data together to present to class.

21. Journal activity Most of you have had some sort of intelligence, personality, or other standardized test at some point. Write about your experiences with those tests. How did the testing process feel? Were you told how these tests were constructed and for what purposes the results would be used?

22. Homework Be sure you are current in your readings (pages 25-39). Quiz on Monday. Test corrections: you must write out the question and write the correct answer in order to take the re-test. Your test is part of your notebook check. Don’t loose it.

23. 2/9/15 If you had the option to redo your chapter 1 test (clean slate) what would you do differently? ACT WORD OF THE DAY: enmity (noun)Strong hatred

24. AGENDA FOR TODAY HAND BACK TEST RELOOPING/TEST CORRECTIONS STUDY GROUPS OF 2 STUDENT CREATED QUIZ STUDY FOR RETEST ON TUESDAY 2/10 EVERYONE HAS TO RETAKE UNLESS YOU SCORED A 90+

25. 2/10/15 WARM UP What is a case study? Are there any ethical issues that can be associated with this type of study?

26. CORRELATION Correlation measures how closely one thing is related to another It is important to note that correlation does not equal causation but can allow us to make predictions.

27. What are the 6 methods of Observation? Read case study

28. Warm up 2/11/15 Suppose you want to find out if there is a correlation between age and preferred volume level for listening to music for people between the ages of 15 and 55. Which observational methods might you use to study that? Correlation - mutual relation of two or more things, parts,

29. Answer Lab observations of individuals within the target ages by having the participants listen to music at levels that slowly increase, noting their preferred volume levels and graphing the correlation between volume and age.

30. What are the purposes and elements of experiments? Researchers conduct experiments to learn about cause and effect.

31. Elements of experiments include independent and dependent variables, experimental and control groups, and the placebo effect.

32. In an experiment, one or more factors are manipulated and all other factors held constant. The factor that is manipulated is called the independent variable.

33. The behavior or mental process that is observed and measured in the experiment is called the dependent variable.

34. The goal of an experiment is to determine the extent to which the independent variable influences and causes the dependent variable

35. The group of participants whose experience is being manipulated is the known as the experimental group

36. The comparison group is called the control group.

37. In experimental research, participants are randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.

38. experimenter bias - experimenter’s own bias influencing the outcome of the research

39. Placebo Effect- feeling better because we expect to feel better. Example- Sugar pills

40. For the remainder of class… Return to your groups from yesterday to finish answering the case study questions. You have 35 min. to complete this activity. For the last half of class I will give you an individual assignment. Notebook check Monday!

41. 2-12-15 Do you believe that it is ethical or unethical to deceive people about the purpose of research studies? Explain your answer.

42. How are ethical issues involved in psychological research? ETHICAL ISSUES AND RESEARCH Protect study participants from harm Maintain the scientific integrity of the study Promote the dignity of the individual Foster human welfare Confidentiality Informed Consent

43. Stanford Prison Experiment