1. SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu
The muscles of limbs 。          
SHANDONG UNIVERSITY
Liu Zhiyu

2. The muscles of upper limb
The muscles of upper limb are divided into:
shoulder
arm
forearm
hand
The muscles of

3. Muscles of shoulder Deltoid Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor
Teres major
Subscapularis

4. Muscles of shoulder Deltoid
Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: abducts the arm; anterior part may flexes and medically rotates the arm and the posterior part extends and laterally rotates arm

5. Muscles of shoulder Teres major
Origin: dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: medially rotates and adducts arm

6. Muscles of arm Antererior group Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis

7. Biceps brachii Origin: long head, supraglenoid tubercle; short head, coracoid process
Insertion: radical tuberosity
Action: supinator of forearm, flexor of elbow joint, weak flexor of should joint

8. Muscles of arm Posterior group: Triceps brachii
Origin: long head, infraglenoid tubercle; lateral head, above groove for radical n., medical head, below groove for radical n.
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
Action: extends elbow joint), long head can extend and adduct shoulder joint

9. Muscles of forearm Anterior group (9) Superficial layer
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

10. Pronator teres
Origin: medical epicondyle of humerus and deep fascia of forearm
Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius
Action:
pronation of forearm

11. Muscles of forearm
Second layer－
flexor digitorum superficials

12. Fourth layer－ pronator quadratus
Third layer
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Fourth layer－ pronator quadratus
Action: flex radiocarpal joint and fingers, pronate forearm

13. Posterior group (10) Superficial layer (5)
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

14. Deep layer (5)
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Action: extend radiocapral joint and fingers, and supinate forearm

15. Supinator
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and upper part of lateral border of ulna
Insertion: upper third of anterior surface of radius
Action: supination of forearm

16. Muscles of hand Lateral group－thenar
Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Adductor pollicis Action: flex, abduct, adduct and oppose thumb

17. Muscles of hand Medial group－hypothenar
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
Action: flex, abduct , and oppose little finger

18. Intermedial group
Lumbricales (4)－ flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints
Palmar interossei (3)－ adduct fingers towards middle finger
Dorsal interossei (3)－abduct fingers away from middle finger

19. The muscles of lower limb
The muscles of lower limb are divided into:
Hip
Thigh
Leg
foot
The muscles of

20. 一、The muscles of Hip （一）Anterior group 1、Iliopsoas
Psoas major
Iliacus
lesser trochanter
Action：flexes the thigh and rotate thigh laterally。
2、tensor fasciae latae

21. （二）posterior group 1、 Gluteus Maximus 2、 Piriformis Piriformis
Action： extend the thigh and rotate the thigh laterally
2、 Piriformis
Action： rotate and abduct the thigh laterally
Piriformis

22. Action：abdut the thigh
Gluteus medius
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Action：abdut the thigh
piriformis
Gluteas minimus
Obturator inernus
Quadratus femoris
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris
Obturator externus
rotate thigh laterally

23. 二、 The muscles of thigh （一）Anterior group 1、Sartorius
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: the upper part of the medial surface of the tibia
Action： flexes the thigh and the leg ，When the knee is flexed, it medially rotates the leg.
2、Quadriceps Femoris
Rectus femoris
Vastue lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus untermedius

24. 二、 The muscles of thigh Origin: Insertion:
2、Quadriceps Femoris
Origin:
Rectus femoris: anterior inferior iliac spine
Vastus medialis: medial lip of linea aspera
Vastus lateralis: lateral lip of linea aspera
Vastus intermedius: anterior surface of femur
Insertion:
tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action： extend the leg ;
rectus femoris also flexes the thigh

25. （二）Medial group Adduct and rotate the thigh laterally Pectineus m.
Adductor longus
Adductor bravis
Gracilis m.
Addcor magnus

26. （三）posterior group
1、 Biceps Femoris
Action： extend the thigh and flexes the leg
2、 Semitendinosus
3、Semimembranosus
Action： extend the thigh and flexes the leg

27. 三、The muscles of leg （一）Anterior group
Tibialis anterior
Invert the foot
（一）Anterior group
Extensor digitorum longus
extend 1-4 toes
Action of anterior group：Dorsiflex of ankle joint
Extensor hallucis longus
extend the big toes

28. Action：plantar flexes the ankle and the eversion of foot
三、 The muscles of leg
（二）lateral group
Action：plantar flexes the ankle and the eversion of foot
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis

29. 1、Superficial layer Gastrocnemius Soleus Triceps surae
（三）The posterior group
1、Superficial layer
Gastrocnemius Soleus
Triceps surae
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Action：plantar flexe the ankle， Gastrocnemius also flex the leg
Tendo calcaneus

30. Action: plantarflexes and inverts foot
1、deep layer: consists of 4 muscles.
Popliteus
Action: flex leg and rotate the leg medially
Flexor hallucis longus
Action: plantarflex ankle joint and flexes the big toe
Flexor digitorum longus
Action: flexes lateral four toes, plantarflexes foot
Tibialis posterior
Action: plantarflexes and inverts foot

31. 四、The muscles of foot 足肌
（一）The muscles on the dorsum of foot
extensor digitorum brevis ：extense the 2-4 toe.
extensor hallucis brevis：extense the big toe.

32. 四、The muscles of foot （一）The muscles of the sole 1. Medial group 内侧组
Abductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Abductor hallucis

33. 四、The muscles of foot （一）The muscles of the sole 1. Medial group
Abductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Adductor hallucis

34. 四、The muscles of foot （一）The muscles of the sole 2. intermediate group
Flexor digitorum brevis
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricalis
Interosseous m.
Lumbricalis
Flexor digitorum brevis

35. 四、The muscles of foot （一）The muscles of the sole 2. intermediate group
Flexor digitorum brevis
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricalis
Interosseous m.
Quadratus plantae

36. 四、The muscles of foot （一）The muscles of the sole 2. intermediate group
Flexor digitorum brevis
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricalis
Interosseous m.
plantar interosseous m.
dorsal interosseous m.
plantar interosseous m
dorsal interosseous m.

37. 四、The muscles of foot （一）The muscles of the sole 3. lateral group
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Abducentor digiti minimi
Action：collectively they are sigificant in posture and locomotion，and mainly support the arches of the foot.