1. PP. 961-966

2.  lymphatic system  spleen  lymphocytes 1. B-cells: wbc that mature in bone marrow 2. T-cells: wbc that mature in thymus

3.  There are many different lymphocytes (wbc)  Each have receptors for different antigens (markers)  Antigen: Identifies cell as foreign

4.  2-part attack  Cell-mediated: Killer T-Cell production  Humoral: B-Cell production  Starts with an initial response Initial response Humoral B-Cell production Cell-mediated T-Cell production

5. 1. macrophage engulfs pathogen and puts antigens on its surface 2. Helper T-cell binds to antigen

6. 3. Macrophage releases a chemical (INK-1) which causes the Helper T-cell to release INK-2

7. Initial response Humoral B-Cell production Cell-mediated T-Cell production INK-2

9.  INK 2 stimulates the production of more Helper T Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells  Cytotoxic T Cell (killer T cell): kills infected body cells.

11. Initial response Humoral B-Cell production Cell-mediated T-Cell production

13.  INK-2 causes complimentary B-cells to divide  Most B-cells change to plasma cells  Plasma cells produce antibodies  Y-shaped protein that deactivates pathogen and clumps them making it easier for macrophages to engulf and destroy them.

14.  Some B-cells become memory cells and store information about pathogen  Body’s long term defense system  When exposed to pathogen a 2 nd time, memory cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it causes illness.

16.  primary: 1st time body encounters pathogens  secondary: 2nd time body encounters pathogen with memory cells (leftover B-cells and T-cells)

17.  Immunity: ability to resist an infectious disease  Vaccination: introduction of antigens into body to cause immunity

18.  Vaccine: solution of dead or weakened pathogens that contains pathogens  Antigens produce a primary immune response  Memory cells created provide quick secondary immune response if antigen enters body again.  http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter22/animation__the_immune_response.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter22/animation__the_immune_response.html Some Diseases that have been controlled through vaccines: polio, measles, mumps, tetanus, and small pox