1. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 1 CHAPTER 3 Cultural Conformity and Adaptation Section 1: The American Values System Section 2: Social Control Section 3: Social Change

2. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 2 Objectives:  Identify the basic values that form the foundation of American culture.  Describe new values that have developed in the United States since the 1970s. Section 1: The American Values System

3. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON American Subcultures worksheet: 3

4. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON American Values in Film:

5. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Values, Heroes, and Heroines worksheet … 5

6. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 6 ( Eight ) Basic Values of American Culture  Personal Achievement – built primarily by people that value individual achievement, as in the area of employment  Individualism – success comes through hard work and initiative  Work – Americans view discipline, dedication, and hard work as signs of virtue Section 1: The American Values System

7. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 7 Basic Values of American Culture  Morality and Humanitarianism – Americans place a high value on morality and tend to view the world in terms of right and wrong; quick to help the unfortunate  Efficiency and Practicality – practical and inventive, every problem has a solution; judge objects on their usefulness and people on their ability to get things done Section 1: The American Values System (continued)

8. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 8 Basic Values of American Culture  Progress and Material Comfort – Americans believe that through hard work and determination living standards will continue to improve  Equality and Democracy – to have human equality, there must be an equality of opportunity; success is a reward that must be earned Section 1: The American Values System (continued)

9. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 9 Basic Values of American Culture  Freedom – freedom of choice such as religion, speech, and press and protect them from government interference Section 1: The American Values System (continued)

10. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 10 Our Changing Values  Self-fulfillment – the commitment to the full development of one’s personality, talents, and potential; includes leisure, physical fitness and youthfulness  Environmental protection  Education and Religion were deemed important by students who were polled Section 1: The American Values System

11. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON American Values: 11

12. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Bumper Stickers:  1. Red, White, and Blue; These Colors Don’t Run  2. Polish and Proud of it  3. Child of Board  4. Go for the Gold  5.  6.  …..  Discuss the values that each of these messages represents.  Ex: #1 represents the value of patriotism #2 represents ethnic pride, and so on…  Choose an American value and write your own message reflecting that value.  Design your own bumper sticker to communicate that message 12

13. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Activity :  You are a committee given the task of choosing the contents of the cornerstone of a new high school in your community. The cornerstone is a 3ft cube slightly smaller than a washing machine  Only 10 items can be placed in the cornerstone, and each must represent the culture of the people who placed it there.  Work in your groups to decide on the 10 items.  Based on what you have learned about culture, you must be able to explain your reasoning for choosing each one of the items 13

14. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Fiddler on the Roof  Tevye, the main character, explains that the men in his town of Annatevka always wear prayer shawls. “you may ask why,” he says. With a shrug he explains, “I’ll tell you. I don’t know. But its tradition.” 14

15. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON  Think of examples of practices in American society that cannot be explained yet are “traditions”  These traditions are termed cultural traits, cultural items and folkways of American society 15

16. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON American Culture…how strange…  To demonstrate how strange American customs may seem to persons from another culture…break into groups.  Write a scenario of one of the following American celebrations : Thanksgiving day, a football game, a wedding, Halloween, Easter, Christmas, 4 th of July, a religious service, or birthday party. (you may want to add some of your own)  Write the scenarios as if you are people from another culture and have no understanding of the meaning of what they are describing. 16

17. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON  Each group will read their scenario to the class without identifying the celebration.  The rest of class can try to guess what event is being described  Discuss: the way people often misunderstand and misjudge the customs and rituals of other cultures 17

18. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Analyzing Cultural Clues worksheet:

19. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 19 Objectives:  Identify how the norms of society are enforced.  Describe the differences between positive and negative sanctions and between formal and informal sanctions. Section 2: Social Control

20. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Social control:   The enforcement of conformity by society upon its members, either by law or by social pressure.   The influence of any element in social life working to maintain the pattern of such life.

21. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Norms and informal social controls that exist in your own lives…   Pretend your family will be hosting an exchange student.   They speak English but have little to no prior knowledge of American norms and especially of the norms in American high schools.   Compile a list of norms that you believe the exchange student must follow in order to adjust to the new school and to be accepted by the other students   Explain that the violation of most of these norms would result in only mild consequences, yet the student who does not follow them may find him/herself alienated from others.

22. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 22 Enforcing the Norms of Society  Internalization – process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual’s personality thus conditioning that individual to conform to society’s expectations  Sanctions – rewards and punishments used to enforce conformity to the norms Section 2: Social Control

23. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 23 Different Types of Sanctions  Positive Sanction – action that rewards a particular kind of behavior such as good grades or a pay raise  Negative Sanction – punishment or the threat of punishment to enforce conformity such as frowns, imprisonment, and even death Section 2: Social Control

24. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 24 Different Types of Sanctions  Formal Sanction – rewards or punishments by a formal organization or regulatory agency such as the government and includes promotions, awards, or low grades  Informal Sanction – spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval by an individual or group such as a standing ovation, gifts, gossip, or ridicule Section 2: Social Control (continued)

25. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 25 Objectives:  Identify and describe the main sources of social change.  Describe the factors that lead people to resist social change. Section 3: Social Change

26. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 26 Social Change Source of Social Change Example Social Consequence values and beliefs technology population diffusion physical environment wars and conquests Right to Vote Women vote helped political decisions (social) IPOD FactoryChild Labor Pollution Increase Population Increase in Cultural Traits and values. Decrease in open land Instant communications, TV, Radio, and Satellite Spread of Cultural Traits Floods, Drought, FireRuined homes and landscape September (9/11/01) Loss of lives, Depression, and possibly War

27. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 27 Main Sources of Social Change  Values and Beliefs – are affected by ideology spread through social movements  Technology – knowledge and tools people use to manipulate their environment  Population – change in size of population may bring about changes in the culture  Diffusion – the process of spreading culture traits from one society to another Section 3: Social Change

28. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 28 Main Sources of Social Change  Physical Environment – the environment may provide conditions that encourage or discourage cultural change  Wars and Conquest – are not common but bring about the greatest amount of change in the least amount of time Section 3: Social Change (continued)

29. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 29 Factors Leading to Resisting Social Change  Ethnocentrism – can lead to segregation  Cultural Lag – a delay in cultural change such as the introduction and use of computers  Vested Interests – might lead to a focus on maintaining budgets over a focus on providing a quality education and instruction Section 3: Social Change

30. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Homework Options: 30

31. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 1. American Holidays…  Choose a holiday observed in American Culture (Halloween, Christmas, Thanksgiving, Passover, Valentine’s Day, Easter, the 4 th of July, and Memorial Day)  Do research on the origins of this holiday. What values inspired the development of this holiday? Does the holiday reflect the same values today?  Be prepared to report your findings to the class. 31

32. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 2. Watch TV quiz shows, situation comedies, dramas, and talk shows…  Watch TV quiz shows, situation comedies, dramas, and talk shows… while watching write down a list of values being projected. Ex: you might see such values as competition, materialism, family, and power… do these actually reflect real American values? Speculate on what people in other countries who see our American TV might think about our culture 32

33. THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 3. Sociologists disagree on what are the truly “American” values, but high school students can begin to examine American Values and the part they play in our culture.  Power  Punctuality  Education  Honesty  Freedom  Romantic Love  Material Comfort  Efficiency  Patriotism  Achievement  For the next 2 days, examine the media for examples of these values.  Look at newspapers, magazines, TV, advertisements, and advice columns such as “dear Abby”  Write a list of these examples of values and include for each one where you found them 33