1. Feeding Smart Dan Morrical Iowa State University Know requirements Condition Score Make adjustments multiple pens Control waste Use pasture and crop residue Comparison shop

2. Basic Sheep Nutrition Factors impacting requirements: Age Weight Stage of production Level of Production

3. Sheep Nutrition SERB -- State Summary 1987-1991 Feed and Pasture$41.60 63% of cash costs 41% of all costs

4. Feeding Sheep Goal - optimize production while minimizing feed costs. Feeding sheep correctly is a 3 part process. 1. Knowing the requirements 2. Combining feeds to meet those requirements 3. Monitoring ewes and feed bunk

5. Sheep Industry Changes Sheep are bigger average slaughter weight 139 Sheep are more prolific Romanov, Finnsheep, Polypay Sheep grow faster Ram test rams gaining 1.5 pounds per day Sheep produce more milk East Fresian and Lacaune crosses

6. Sheep Industry Status Quo No market signals

7. Sheep Nutrition What do we know about sheep industry?

8. Sheep Nutrition What do we know about sheep industry? Small Support Feed sales volume Consultants

9. Sheep Nutrition Ruminants 4 Compartment stomach 3/4 of body cavity 3.5 gallons So what does that mean?

10. Sheep Nutrition Nutrients of Concern Water Energy Protein Vitamins Minerals

11. Sheep Nutrition Water - Cheap - Abused Goal -- Clean, fresh, cool or warm. Critical especially feedlot lambs.

12. Water Intake affected by: Stage of production Environmental temperature Water content in the diet Average intake = 3 x dry matter intake

13. Sheep Nutrition Energy - Most often underfed - Largest amount required Example E. gestation ewe 1.8 lb TDN.31 lb CP.38 g Ca

14. Sheep Nutrition Energy Sources Sugars - Molasses Starches – Grains Complex carbohydrates Hemi-cellulose Cellulose Lignin Fats - 2.25 times the energy of CHO Proteins ???

15. Sheep Nutrition Protein – Quantity vs Quality Quantity is % N x 6.25 2% N = 12.50% CP Quality - specific AA content Protein Requirements Lambs - 26-11% Ewes - 9-16% Highest in young animals

16. Minerals Macro and micro classification Macros - required in grams per day Micros - required in mg per day

17. Sheep Nutrition Mineral supplementation Nutritional wisdom? Trace mineral salt versus mineral Set up trial to measure intake. How? Factors impacting intake

18. Sheep Nutrition Comparing feeds on cost of energy basis #1 rule CORN IS STANDARD BY WHICH TO COMPARE EVERYTHING ELSE.

19. Sheep Nutrition Current corn price $6.75 per bushel $6.75 ÷ 56 pounds/bu. = 12.0¢/pound 12.0 ÷.77 lb TDN per lb = 15.6¢/pound TDN What can you pay for other feeds 15.6¢ per pound TDN - standard

20. Sheep Nutrition Example oats 68% TDN 1 lb. oats x.68 lb. TDN/lb. DM =.68 LBS TDN 15.6 x.68 = 10.6¢ x 32 = lb./bushel = $3.40 per bushel. Oats are worth half on an TDN basis. NOTE: Assumes no waste of either product.

21. Sheep Nutrition What is the hay worth? 50% TDN $156.00 per ton (1000 X 15.6) 55% TDN $171.60 per ton (1100 X 15.6) 60% TDN $187.20 per ton (1200 X 15.6) 65% TDN $202.80 per ton (1300 X 15.6) Assumes no waste. Ha!

22. Saving on feed Feeding high corn diets Half corn and half hay 1 pound corn = 1.6 pounds hay five pounds hay or 2 corn and 2 hay Precautions

23. Saving on feed Feeding with corn stalks and corn byproducts Stalks for filler and DDGS/CGF for quality

24. Sheep Nutrition Feeding Questions