1. 3 parts of Respiration Glycolysis – may be anaerobic
TCA – Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
aerobic – require oxygen

2. Krebs Cycle
Pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix and enters a preparatory step before entering the Kreb’s Cycle.
Refer to handout

3. Krebs Cycle
Pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix and is converted into acetyl coenzyme A (2-carbon molecule)

4. Krebs Cycle
Citrate loses water, converts to cis-Aconitate. Cis-Aconitate gains water to become isocitrate
Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate (citric acid). CoA is released, awaiting another pyruvate molecule.

5. Kreb’s Cycle
An NAD+ is reduced to NADH converting isocitrate into oxalosuccinate.
Oxalosuccinate loses a Carbon and becomes α-Ketoglutarate

6. Krebs Cycle
α-Ketoglutarate (5-C) loses a Carbon and becomes succinyl-CoA; another NAD+ is reduced

7. Krebs Cycle
Succinyl-CoA releases the CoA, forming succinate. At the same time, a GDP molecule is phosphorylated to make GTP. GTP transfers its P to ADP to make ATP
GDP: guanosine diphosphate

8. Krebs Cycle
Succinate is converted into fumarate by reducing FAD+ into FADH2

9. Krebs Cycle
Fumarate reacts with water to form a molecule of malate

10. Krebs Cycle
Malate is converted into oxaloacetate by reducing another NAD+ into NADH + H+
Oxaloacetate gets recycled

11. Krebs Cycle Output of one pyruvate From prep step From Krebs alone
1 CO2
1NADH + H+
From Krebs alone
2 CO2
3 NADH + H+
1 FADH2
1 ATP
What would the output be of ONE GLUCOSE molecule after the Krebs Cycle?