1. Ⓒ Richard Mayberry

3. Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport

4. Breakdown of Glucose

5. C 6 H 12 O 6 GLUCOSE ‘C 6 ’ C 6 ~P ATP ADP ATP gives a phosphate to the glucose.

6. C 6 H 12 O 6 GLUCOSE ‘C 6 ’ C 6 ~P P~C 6 ~P ATP ADP ATP ADP A second ATP gives another phosphate to the glucose.

7. C 6 H 12 O 6 GLUCOSE ‘C 6 ’ C 6 ~P P~C 6 ~P ATP ADP ATP ADP C 3 ~P PGAL C 3 ~P PGAL The 6 carbon sugar splits into 2 PGAL’s.

8. C 6 H 12 O 6 GLUCOSE ATP ADP ‘C 6 ’ C 6 ~P P~C 6 ~P C 3 ~P PGAL ATP ADP C 3 ~P PGAL C 3 ~P PGA C 3 ~P PGA NAD takes a hydrogen from each PGAL and releases enough energy for 2 ATP’s. NAD NADH NAD NADH ADP+P ATP ADP+P ATP

9. C 6 H 12 O 6 GLUCOSE ATP ADP ‘C 6 ’ C 6 ~P P~C 6 ~P C 3 ~P PGAL ATP ADP C 3 ~P PGAL C 3 ~P ADP+P ATP PGA NAD NADH Pyruvic Acid C3C3 C3C3 ADP removes the phosphate from each PGA to produce Pyruvic Acids. ADP ATP ADP ATP

12. Cytoplasm Mitochondrial Matrix C3C3 Pyruvic Acid O CO 2 C2C2 Acetyl C3C3 Pyruvic Acid O CO 2 C2C2 Acetyl Oxygen takes away carbon dioxide as the molecules enter the mitochondrion.

14. Cytoplasm Mitochondrial Matrix C2C2 Acetyl C2C2 Kreb’s Cycle C 4 Acid CoA C2C2 CoA ‘escorts’ each acetyl into the Kreb’s Cycle. C 2 -CoA NAD NADH

15. C 4 Acid Mitochondrial Matrix Kreb’s Cycle C 6 Citric Acid C6C6 C5C5 C5C5 C4C4 C4C4 C4C4 NAD NADH FAD FADH NAD NADH NAD NADH O CO 2 O ADP+P ATP C2C2 C 4 Acid (C 2 +C 4 ) Acid C 4 Acid Picks apart each acetyl. NAD NADH CoA C 2 CoA

16. C 4 Acid Mitochondrial Matrix Kreb’s Cycle C 6 Citric Acid C6C6 C5C5 C5C5 C4C4 C4C4 C4C4 NAD NADH FAD FADH NAD NADH NAD NADH O CO 2 O ADP+P ATP C2C2 C 4 Acid CoA C 2 CoA (C 2 +C 4 ) Acid C 4 Acid X 2 NAD NADH

19. Enzyme A Enzyme B Enzyme C Enzyme D Cristae

20. NADH NAD H ADP+P ATP HH H ADP+P ATP ADP+P ATP Enzyme A Enzyme B Enzyme C Enzyme D

21. NADH NAD H ADP+P ATP HH H ADP+P ATP ADP+P ATP Enzyme A Enzyme B Enzyme C Enzyme D (10x)

22. H H ADP+P ATP ADP+P ATP Enzyme A Enzyme B Enzyme C Enzyme D FADH FAD H 2x

23. H Enzyme A Enzyme B Enzyme C Enzyme D H H` H HH H H2OH2O O 6x

24. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O Everything else is ‘recycled’.

25. Glycolysis: 4 ATP’s NADH’s: 30 ATP’s Kreb’s Cycle: 2 ATP’s FADH’s: 4 ATP’s Total Potential : 38 ATP’s 40 ATP’s -2 ATP’s Activation Energy:

27. C 6 H 12 O 6 GLUCOSE ATP ADP ‘C 6 ’ C 6 ~P P~C 6 ~P C 3 ~P PGAL ATP ADP C 3 ~P PGAL C 3 ~P ADP+P ATP PGA NAD NADH Pyruvic Acid ADP ATP C3C3 Pyruvic Acid ADP ATP C3C3

28. Pyruvic Acid C3C3 C 3 ~P PGAL C 3 ~P ADP+P ATP PGA NAD NADH ADP ATP NADH C3C3 Lactic Acid H

29. NADH Pyruvic Acid C3C3 C 3 ~P PGAL C 3 ~P ADP+P ATP PGA NAD NADH ADP ATP CO 2 C 2 H 5 OH Ethyl Alcohol H