1. ANTEBELLUM SLAVERY Southern Economy King Cotton Plantation Life Non-Gentry Class Slave Family

2. Southern Economy Upper South: Tobacco, diversified crops Lower South: rice, indigo, sugar, cotton Cotton Growth: Cotton Gin, short staple Shift South 1830s: “Cotton Belt,” King Cotton: 1840 1.35 m bales, 1860 4.5 –¾–¾–¾–¾ of world’s cotton, over 50% US exports –H–H–H–Huge Profits: 10% year over year

3. Southern Economy II Second Middle Passage: 1 million sold Second Middle Passage: 1 million sold –into Deep South, many families split-up –Price of male slave increases up to $2,000 Concentration of Plantations: Concentration of Plantations: –1860: 25% of South whites owned slaves –Only about 3% had 20 to 50 slaves –Great Planters political control of South Transportation: relied on rivers, few rails Transportation: relied on rivers, few rails Education: much less than north Education: much less than north

4. Plantation

5. Slave Auction

6. Auction Posting

7. Plantation Life and Culture Chivalry: English aristocracy the model Chivalry: English aristocracy the model Paternalism: Father of extended family Paternalism: Father of extended family The plantation was an independent unit The plantation was an independent unit Slave Hierarchy: house slave, field slave Slave Hierarchy: house slave, field slave Gang Labor: Overseer, Driver, task system Gang Labor: Overseer, Driver, task system Punishment & Reward: Punishment & Reward: –Stick: whipping and threat of sale –Carrot: own plot, less hours, rent out

8. Non Gentry Class Small slave owner: 88% below 20 slaves Small slave owner: 88% below 20 slaves –Most 2 or 3 slaves; worked, ate, slept w slave Yeoman Farmer: 75% whites no slaves Yeoman Farmer: 75% whites no slaves –Hills, backwoods, rented land, diverse crops –“poor white trash,” Ozarks, Appalachians –Why support Gentry? 1) racial hierarchy –2) had many rights, 3) dreamed of owning slaves 4) did not want to compete with freed slaves

9. Slave Houses

10. 4% Africans to N. America (pg 75) 500,000 /11 million, 4 m in 1860

11. Slave Family Standard of Living: lower than north, but not much lower than N. working class Standard of Living: lower than north, but not much lower than N. working class Family: over 50% nuclear family, child worked at 10, plantation family Family: over 50% nuclear family, child worked at 10, plantation family Religion: Christianity(after 1840s)& African Religion: Christianity(after 1840s)& African –influences, black church source of strength Slave economy: garden, home man. Slave economy: garden, home man. Slave Resistance: open and clandestine Slave Resistance: open and clandestine –Nat Turner 1831,