1. Large earthquakes (just a selection) 1811-12 New Madrid 8 4/18/06 San Francisco 8.2 3000 5/22/60 Chile 9.6 490-2290 $500 million 3/28/64 Alaska 9.2 125 $300 million 10/17/89 Loma Prieta 6.9 63 $6 billion 1/17/94 Northridge 6.7 57 $15 billion 1/17/95 Kobe Japan 6.9 5,500 $100 billion 8/17/99 Turkey7.4 17,000 12/26/04Sumatra9.3 300,000

2. New Madrid, 1811-1812 December 16, 1811

4. San Francisco, April 18, 1906 M=7.8

6. Images from http://www.sfmuseum.org/1906/06.html

7. Off the coast of South Central Chile, May 22, 1960

8. Tsunami damage Chile Hilo, Hawaii

9. Prince William Sound, Alaska, 3/28/64 X: Rails bent, landslides VI: Felt by all, some damage IV: Felt by few outdoors, walls made cracking sound Modified Mercalli Intensity scale XII: destruction complete

10. Liquefaction & landslides

11. Tsunami

12. Rupture zones of large earthquakes: seismic gap hypothesis

13. Loma Prieta (Santa Cruz) 10/17/89

14. Collapsed Cypress freeway, Oakland

15. Marina district, San Francisco

16. Northridge 1/17/96: blind thrust

17. Moderate, but very damaging

20. Kobe, Japan, 1/17/1995

24. Izmit, Turkey, 8/17/1999

29. Coldwater MI, 8/10/1947 Chimneys were damaged, and windows and plaster were broken. Others: 7/27/05, Houghton 5/26/06, Houghton Both associated with mining