1. Expanding Horizons and Imperialism in the Pacific
Chapter 22, Sections 1&2

2. Isolationism
Noninvolvement in world affairs

3. Expansionism
Expanding territory to seek land and better opportunities

4. Imperialism
When powerful nations exercise economic and political control over weaker nations.

5. Annexation
Adding on territory

6. Spheres of Influence
Sections of China where each foreign nation enjoyed special rights and powers

7. Open Door policy
Each foreign nation in China could trade freely in the other nations’ sphere of influence.

8. Washington’s Warning
Washington warned Americans to avoid permanent alliances with other countries.

9. Alaska – Seward’s Folly
The U.S. paid $7.2 million for Alaska.
People thought Alaska was a worthless, barren, icebound land

10. Monroe Doctrine
Warned Europe not to establish new colonies in the Americas
Stated that it was the particular right of the U.S. to carry on trade with nations in that region.

11. American Sea Power Thayer wanted to improve and enlarge the navy.
He argued that sea power would protect shipping and provide access to world markets.

12. Reasons for Expansion The need for additional sources of raw materials
The need to expand trade to find new markets for American goods

13. Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands lay about 2,000 miles west of California.
Americans controlled most of the land and businesses.
The influenced Hawaiian politics
Served as advisers to the ruling family

14. Pearl Harbor
In return for renewal of the trade agreement, King Kalakaua allowed a naval base at Pearl Harbor to be built by the U.S.

15. Tariffs on Sugar
Hawaiian sugar planters plotted to make Hawaii a U.S. territory.
As a territory, Hawaii would not have to pay tariffs on their sugar.

16. Queen Liliuokalani
When Queen Liliuokalani came to the throne, she took away powers that the American sugar planters had held.
The planters overthrew Liliuokalani and set up their own temporary government.
Hawaii does not become a territory until 1900.

17. Samoa
Samoa agreed to give Americans special trading rights and permission to build a naval station at the port of Pago Pago.
Great Britain, Germany and the U.S. met in Berlin to divide up Samoa because they were tired of competing for power.
Germany and the U.S. divided Samoa and we annexed our portion in 1899.

18. Spheres of Influence
Japan, Germany, Great Britain, France, and Russia had carved out sections of China where they enjoyed special rights and powers.
John Hay proposed the Open Door policy in China so that the U.S. would not be squeezed out of Chinese trade.

19. Boxer Rebellion CAUSE: EFFECTS:
a secret martial arts society led a violent uprising against the foreign influence in China.
EFFECTS:
Second Open Door policy
Other foreign powers accepting the policy

20. Second Open Door Policy
The policy stressed the importance of maintaining China’s independence and respecting its borders.
Japan’s disregard for the policy led to war with Russia and conflict with the U.S.

21. Treaty of Portsmouth The treaty recognized Japan’s control of Korea.
Japan had to pledge to halt its expansion.

22. San Francisco Board of Education
The board of education in San Francisco ordered all Asian students to attend separate schools.
President Roosevelt forced the school board to change its policies and persuaded Japan to consent to an agreement to restrict emigration.
Relations between the U.S. and Japan worsened.

23. Great White Fleet
The Great White Fleet was 16 white battleships that President Theodore Roosevelt sent on a cruise around the world to display the nation’s naval power.
Roosevelt believed the display of naval power convinced many nations, especially Japan, that the U.S. was powerful and that challenging us in war would be unwise.