1. The Jefferson Era Part 1

2. John Adams appointed as many Federalist judges as he could between the election of 1800 and Jefferson’s inauguration Adams supposedly remained at his desk until well into the night signing the commissions of the “midnight” judges. Packed the courts full of Federalist judges who would serve for life Adams and the Midnight Judges – The Judiciary Act of 1801

4. Jefferson told Secretary of State James Madison to block Adams’ remaining judge commissions One of the new judges (William Marbury) was angered & asked the Supreme Court to order Madison to deliver his comission Marbury used the Judiciary Act of 1789 that set-up the court system as the basis of his lawsuit

5. Supreme Court’s Opinion Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall (appointed by former President John Adams) gave the court’s opinion Opinion identified which cases the Court could hear directly & this was not one of them ▫The case should have first been heard in a lower court Marshall ruled the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional and void Established judicial review Judicial Review – reviewing decisions of other branches and deciding if it is constitutional

6. Inscribed in the Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C.

7. The West in 1800 3 European countries claimed land on the west coast ▫Spain – California from San Diego to San Francisco ▫Russia – Along the coast to Alaska ▫Britain – claimed land in the region France took Louisiana back from Spain in 1800 ▫Spain closed the port to Americans

8. France ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte ▫Wants to colonize American territory Bonaparte invades territories in West Indies ▫Miserably lost the battle To avoid hostilities, Jefferson offered to buy New Orleans since it was closed by Spain ▫France countered & offered to sell all of Louisiana Territory Jefferson was torn by his personal beliefs versus what could help the country

9. Louisiana Territory Louisiana Territory purchase from France 1803 Treaty ratified in 1803 Constitution said nothing about acquiring new territory Jefferson worried that Constitution said nothing about acquiring new territory Jefferson knew it was important to know the land & get there first Asked Congress for $2,500 to fund expedition Meriwether Lewis Contracted Meriwether Lewis to lead William Clark Lewis chose a friend William Clark to come with Sacagawea Lewis & Clark brought on Sacagawea as a guide Doubled the size of the U.S.A.

10. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.