1. E ARTH Q UAKES Compare and contrast two of the United States’ greatest earthquakes.

2. E ARTHQUAKE An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. Tell me what you learned about the causes of earthquakes in your last project. USGS United States Geological Service

3. T YPES OF B OUNDARIES

4. F OUR C AUSES OF E ARTHQUAKES 1. Convergent 2. Divergent 3. Transform 4. Volcanoes

5. H YPOCENTER, E PICENTER Locations of Earthquakes Hypocenter, below the surface or curst. Epicenter, on the surface or the crust. 200 miles below San Francisco= hypocenter. San Francisco= epicenter.

6. P AND S WAVES To understand how this works, let’s compare P and S waves to lightning and thunder. Light travels faster than sound, so during a thunderstorm you will first see the lightning and then you will hear the thunder. If you are close to the lightning, the thunder will boom right after the lightning, but if you are far away from the lightning, you can count several seconds before you hear the thunder. The further you are from the storm, the longer it will take between the lightning and the thunder.

7. P AND S WAVES P waves are like the lightning, and S waves are like the thunder.

9. S EIZMOGRAPH By looking at the amount of time between the P and S wave on a seismogram recorded on a seismograph, scientists can tell how far away the earthquake was from that location.

10. SEISMOGRAPH

11. R ICHTER S CALE

12. W ORLDWIDE E ARTHQUAKES

13. H AITIAN E ARTHQUAKE OF 2010

14. HAITIE 2010 was 7.0 on the Richter scale.

15. C OMPARE AND C ONTRAST You will compare and contrast the Earthquakes of Alaska 1964 And New Madrid 1812

16. S AN F RANCISCO E ARTHQUAKE OF 1989 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkx- vO9I8r8&edufilter=3vKYiNm3XpGng5TQ3- qEBw

17. C OMPARE AND C ONTRAST Use a compare and contrast “ Thinking Map” for research on the New Madrid and Alaskan Earthquake.