1. Student Organizations: The Human Development Prospective Dr. David Agnew Arkansas State University Youth Organizations

2. Your Involvement in Youth Organizations What organizations did you belong to when you were in school? What did it do for you? Why did you join?

3. Former President Franklin D. Rossevelt "We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.“ Franklin D. Roosevelt

4. Objectives, 1-3 1. Explain what is meant by Human Development. 2.List the six stages of development as stated by Havinghurst and using his model describe the unique changes that Adolescence go through. 3.Describe the developmental characteristics of youth age 14-19, and the implications for education. Source: Needs of Youth --Extension Publication (Texas)

5. Objective 1: Human Development? Human development is the physical and mental process of growing from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. –Source: http://www.answers.com/human%20development.htm http://www.answers.com/human%20development.htm Developmental psychology is the scientific study of age related changes in behavior across the life span. This field examines change across a broad range of topics including: motor skills, problem solving abilities, conceptual understanding, acquisition of language, moral understanding, and identity formation. –Source: http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Human_development.htm http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Human_development.htm

6. Objective 1: Human Development, Cont. Developmental Psychology---The branch of psychology concerned with the study of progressive behavioral changes in an individual from birth until death. –Source: http://www.answers.com/topic/developmental-psychology.htm http://www.answers.com/topic/developmental-psychology.htm

7. Objective 1: Areas of Development Physical Social Emotional Psychological Gender differences

8. Objective 2: Stages of Human Development, by Havinghurst 1.Infancy and Early Childhood (0-6) 2.Middle Childhood (6-12) 3.Adolescence (physical, social, and emotional maturing is primary) (12-18) 4.Early adulthood (Marriage, pregnancy, first serious full-time job, first illness of children, making a home, etc.) (18-30) 5.Middle Age (30-60) 6. Later Maturity (60+)

9. Objective 2: Stages of Human Development, Erickson’s Model 1.Infant Basic trust vs. basic distrust 2.Toddler Autonomy vs. shame and doubt 3. Preschooler/Early Childhood Initiative vs. guilt 4. School Age/Play Industry vs. inferiority 5. Adolescence Identity vs. role confusion 6. Young Adulthood Intimacy vs. isolation 7. Adulthood Generativity vs. stagnation 8. Old Age Ego integrity vs. despair

10. Objective 3: Characteristics of Adolescence, Havinghurst Achieving new and more mature relationships with age- mates of both sexes. Physical changes take place Achieving a masculine or feminine social role. Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing and calculating. Able to deal with abstract concepts. Developing concepts necessary for everyday living Developing conscience, morality, and a scale of values Achieving personal independence (from parental/teacher dependence to dependence on self). The formal operational stage is characterized by the ability to formulate hypotheses and systematically test them to arrive at an answer to a problem.

11. Objective 3: Adolescence– Implications for Education 1. Provide for teaching social skills on as high an aesthetic level as is practical, e.g., teaching, as informal as possible, party behavior entering, planning parties, etc. 2. Provide for satisfying social contacts. 3. Teach democratic political procedures the child's experiences in the peer group 4. We can present moral problems and dilemmas to students and help them reach a satisfactory answer 5. Educators need to provide concrete experiences, which are essential to good concept development at this stage.

12. Objective 3: Adolescence– Implications for Education, Cont. 6.Problem solving approach becomes easier for students to understand and therefore easier to teach content using this approach. 7.Project methods also work better for this age than in lower grades 8.Group or team learning methods or projects become important as a way to not only learn content but to learn social skills. 9.Independence is aided by success experiences with the peer group. The peer group and educational activities serve as laboratories for developing this task. We should involve youth in decision making and planning - with adequate supervision. conservation, anti-pollution work, child care in day care centers, service in community health centers, community music and dramatic activities.

13. In Review What is human development? What are the six stages of human development according to Havinghurst? What kinds of activities do Adolescences need to be involved in? Explain how a youth organizations can meet the needs of Adolescences.