1. Lesson 02 : Evolution of the Computer Types of Computers Overview of the Computer System

2. At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
State the generations of computers together with the respective processors used.
Explain the generations of computers together with the respective processors used.
Identify the types of computers:
Supercomputer, Mainframe, Mini Computer,
Micro Computer, Work Station.
• Define different types of computer.

3. Continue….
Identify main components in the computer system: Monitor, Keyboard, Speaker, Mouse, System unit, Printer.
State the functions of the main components in the computer system.
Explain briefly the data processing cycle of a computer system: Input, Process, Output, Storage.

4. Evolution Of The Computer

5. First Generation Years : 1939 to 1954 Circuitry : Vacuum tubes
Devices : Calculators
Vacuum Tube

6. First Generation
ENIAC processor
ENIAC

7. First Generation
EDSAC processor
EDSAC

8. First Generation
EDVAC processor
EDVAC

9. First Generation
UNIVAC and IBM processors
UNIVAC

10. Second Generation Years : 1954 to 1959 Circuitry : Transistor

11. Second Generation
Devices : Mainframes
Mainframes

12. Second Generation
IBM, System/360 and BUNCH processors
IBM
System/360

13. Integrated Circuits (IC)
Third Generation
Years : 1959 to 1971
Circuitry : Integrated circuits (IC)
Integrated Circuits (IC)

14. Third Generation Devices : Timesharing, Minicomputer Timesharing

15. Third Generation
PDP and System/32 processor
PDP

16. Third Generation
System/36 processors
System/36

17. Very-large-scale integration (VLSI)
Fourth Generation
Years : 1971 to 1991
Circuitry : Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and the Microprocessor
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI)
Microprocessor

18. Fourth Generation
Devices : Microcomputer, Embedded computer, Personal computer
Microcomputer
Embedded computer
Personal computer

19. Fourth Generation
Processors : VAX, AS/400, Intel. Motorola, MOS, Zilog
VAX
MOS
Zilog

20. Fourth Generation
Processors : WDC, Pentium, ARM architecture, MIPS, SPARC
Pentium
ARM architecture
MIPS

21. Fifth Generation Years : 1991 to present and Beyond Circuitry :
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
Video Electronic Standard Association (VESA),

22. Fifth Generation
Devices :
Super Computers
Mainframe Computers

23. Fifth Generation
Devices :
Mini Computers
Personal Computers

24. Fifth Generation
Devices :
Mobile Computers

25. Fifth Generation
Devices :
PowerPC
PowerMacs

26. Fifth Generation
Devices :
Playstation

27. Fifth Generation Processor : Commodore UNIX System Intel Pentium
Pentium MMX
Pentium II
AMD Athlon
Pentium III
Pentium IV

28. Summary : Evolution the Computers
Generation
Years
Circuitry
Devices
Processors
First
1939 to 1954
Vacuum
tubes
Calculators
ENIAC, EDSAC,
EDVAC,
UNIVAC, IBM
Second
1954 to 1959
Transistor
Mainframes
IBM,
System/360,
BUNCH
Third
1959 to 1971
Integrated
circuits (IC
Timesharing,
minicomputer
PDP, System/32,
System/36

29. Fifth
1991 to
present and
Beyond
Small
Computer
System
Interface
(SCSI), Video
Electronic
Standard
Association
(VESA)
Super Computers
Mainframe
Computers
Mini Computers
Personal Computers
Mobile Computers
Personal computer,
PowerPC,
PowerMacs,
PlayStation.
Commodore,
UNIX System,
Intel Pentium,
Pentium MMX,
Pentium II, AMD,
Athlon, Pentium
III, Pentium IV

30. Fourth
1971 to 1991
Very-
largescale
integration
(VLSI) and the
Microprocessor
Microcomputer
Embedded computer,
Personal computer
VAX, AS/400,Intel.
Motorola, MOS, Zilog,
WDC, Pentium, ARM
architecture, MIPS, SPARC

31. Types of Computer Supercomputer Mainframe Mini Computer Micro Computer
Work Station

32. Supercomputer
Supercomputer is a computer that led the world (or was close to doing so) in terms of processing capacity, particularly the speed of calculation, at the time of its introduction.

33. Mainframes
Handle very high volume input and output (I/O) and emphasize throughout computing.
Used by large organizations
- for critical applications, typically bulk data processing, industry and consumer statistics, ERP, and financial transaction processing.)

34. Mini Computer Minicomputer is a midsized computer.
It is an old term for a class of multi-user computers, lies between the largest multi-user systems (mainframe computers) and the smallest single-user systems (microcomputers or personal computers).

35. Microcomputer
Small desktop or portable computer, typically designed to be used by one person at a time, although individual computers can be linked in a network so that users can share data and programmes.

36. Workstation
A type of computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing, software development and other types of applications that require a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities.

37. Different Types of Computer

38. PC
The personal computer (PC) defines a computer designed for general use by a single person.

39. Desktop A PC that is set up in a permanent location(not portable).
Most desktops offer more power, storage and versatility for less cost than their portable brethren.

40. Laptop Also called notebook.
Laptops are portable computers that integrate the display, keyboard, a pointing device or trackball, processor, memory and hard drive all in a battery-operated package slightly larger than an average hardcover book.

41. Palmtop
More commonly known as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), palmtops are tightly integrated computers that often use flash memory instead of a hard drive for storage.
These computers usually do not have keyboards but rely on touchscreen technology for user input.

42. Workstation
A desktop computer that has a more powerful processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a special group of task, such as 3D Graphics or game development.

43. Server
A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other computers over a network. Servers usually have powerful processors, large memory and hard drives.

44. Minicomputer
Another term rarely used nowadays. Minicomputers fall in between microcomputers (PCs) and mainframes (enterprise servers).
Minicomputers are normally referred to as mid-range servers now.

45. Mainframe
In the early days of computing, mainframes were huge computers that could fill an entire room or even a whole floor.
The size of computers has diminished while its power has increased, the term mainframe has fallen out of use in favor of enterprise server.
The huge machines processing millions of transactions every day.

46. Supercomputer
This type of computer usually costs hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars.
Although some supercomputers are single computer systems, most are comprised of multiple high performance computers working in parallel as a single system.
The best known supercomputers are built by Cray Supercomputers.

47. Wearable The latest trend in computing is wearable computers.
Essentially, common computer applications ( , database, multimedia, calendar/scheduler) are integrated into watches, cell phones, visors and even clothing.

48. Computer Parts and Components

49. Definition Of Input Device
Input devices are any electronic devices connected to a computer that product input signals

50. Types of Input Devices Graphics Text 5 Types video Audio
Pointing Device

51. Input Devices for Text Keyboard - to enter data (text) and commands
Virtual Keyboard (on the screen)
- to enter data and commands
Optical Reader & Barcode Reader
- to converts characters, marks and codes into digital data

52. Input Devices for Graphics
Scanner
- captures image
Digital Camera
- take picture

53. Input Devices for Audio
Microphone
- to enter sound
Midi Keyboard
- to enter music

54. Input Devices for Video
To capture motion images
CCTV
Webcam
Digital Video Camera

55. Pointing Devices To input spatial data Mouse Trackball Graphics Tablet
Touch Screen

56. Output Devices

57. Output Devices
An output device is hardware that is capable of delivering or showing information to one or more users. An output device displays, prints and presents the results of a computer’s work.

58. Types of Output Devices
A display device is an output device that visually conveys texts, graphics and video information.

59. Monitor
A monitor is an example of an output device that can be used to display texts, graphics and videos.

60. LCD Projector
A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector projects what is displayed on the computer on a wall or projection screen.

61. Printer
A printer is an output device that prints text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper or transparency film.

62. Photo Printer
A photo printer is a colour printer that produces photo quality pictures.

63. Audio Output Devices
An audio output device produces music, speech, or other sounds. Examples of output devices are speakers, headphone and woofer.
Speaker
Headphone
Woofer

64. Speaker
A pair of speakers is an audio output device that generates sound.

65. Headphone
The headphone is a pair of small speakers placed over the ears and plugged into a port on the sound card.

66. Woofer
A woofer or subwoofer is used to boost the low bass sound and is connected to the port on the sound card.

67. What Is Computer Storage?
Storage Devices
What Is Computer Storage?
Information and computer storage is the document are stored in storing of data in an computer storage so electromagnetic form to that it can retrieved be accessed by a whenever they are computer processor needed later on.

68. Example of Storage Devices

69. Types of Computer Storage
1. Primary storage
2. Secondary storage
Primary Storage
Primary storage is the main memory in a computer. It store data and programs that can be accessed directly by the processor.

70. Types of Computer Storage
Types Of Primary Storage
There are two types of primary storage which are RAM and ROM

71. Secondary Storage
Secondary storage is another alternative storage to save your work and documents. It is very useful to store programs and data for future use. It is non-volatile, which means that it does not need power to maintain the information stored in it. It will store the information until it is erased.

72. Secondary Storage
Hard disk
Diskette
Removable drive
Compact Disc

73. Computer Parts & Components
User will input the data to be processed by the processor.
The storage holds databases, files and programs.
The output devices present the processed data as useful information products for the user.

74. Overview of Computer Systems
PROCESSOR
INPUT
OUTPUT
STORAGE