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Published byHilary Thomas Modified over 9 years ago
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Muscular System Origin, Insertion, Action
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Muscles of the Scalp Occipitofrontalis – Frontal Belly – Occipital Belly
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Frontalis O: Galea aponeurotica I: Skin of eyebrows A: Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin
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Occipitalis O: Occipital Bone I: Galea aponeurotica A: Pulls scalp posterior
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Muscles of Facial Expression
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Orbicularis Occuli O: Frontal and Maxillary bones I: Tissue of eyelid A: Blinking, squinting
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Orbicularis Oris O: Maxilla and Mandible I: Encircles mouth, angles of mouth A: Closes lips, purses and protrudes lips (kissing and whistling)
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Muscles of Mastication
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Masseter O: Zygomatic arch and maxilla I: Mandible A: Closes jaw by elevating mandible
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Temporalis O: Temporal fossa I: Coronoid process of mandible A: Closes jaw (elevates and retracts mandible)
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Buccinator O: Maxilla and mandible I: Orbicularis oris A: Compresses cheek (whistling and sucking), holds food between teeth (during chewing)
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat (Swallowing) Digastric All of the muscles that attach to the hyoid
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Digastric O: Mandible and mastoid process I: Hyoid bone A: Elevate hyoid during speech and swallowing, Open mouth and depress mandible
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Anterolateral Neck Muscles
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Sternocleidomastoid O: Sternum and Clavicle I: Mastoid process of temporal bone A: B/l – head flexion; unilateral – laterally flex towards and rotates away from itself
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Scalenes O: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae I: 1 st two ribs A: elevate first two ribs (inspiration), flex and rotate neck
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Intrinsic Muscles of the Back
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Splenius Capitus O: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 – T-6 I: Occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bone A: b/l – extend head; unilateral – lateral flex and rotate towards
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Splenius Cervicis O: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 – T-6 I: Transverse Processes of C2 – C4 A: b/l – extend neck; unilateral – lateral flex and rotate towards
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Erector Spinae (Sacrospinalis) Iliocostalis (Most lateral) Longissimus (Intermediate) Spinalis (Most medial)
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Iliocostalis O: iliac crest (lumborum); inferior 6 ribs (thoracis); ribs 3 to 6 (cervicis) I: ribs (lumborum and thoracic); TPs of C6-C4 (cervicis) A: B/L - Extend spine, posture; unilateral – lateral flex towards
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Longissimus O: TPs of vertebrae I: Superior TPs and superior ribs; capitis portion inserts on Mastoid process A: B/L – extend spine; unilateral – laterally flex; capitis portion extends head and rotates towards
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Spinalis O: Spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae I: Spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae A: Extends spine, maintains erect posture
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Quadratus Lumborum O: Iliac crest I: TPs of upper lumbar vetebrae and 12 th rib A: Unilaterally – laterally flexes spine; b/l – extends L-spine
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Muscles of the Thorax (Breathing)
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External Intercostals O: Inferior border of rib above I: Superior border of rib below A: Pull ribs toward one another, elevate rib cage; INSPIRATION Fibers run down and anterior
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Internal Intercostals O: Superior border of rib below I: inferior border of rib above A: Draw ribs together and depress rib cage; EXPIRATION Fibers run down and posterior
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Diaphragm O: Inferior surface of rib cage and sternum, costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae I: Central tendon A: Flattens on contraction; Prime mover of Inspiration
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Muscles of the Anterior and Lateral Abdominal Wall
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Rectus Abdominus O: Pubic crest and symphysis I: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages ribs 5-7 A: Flex and rotate lumbar region, stabilize pelvis during walking
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External Oblique O: Outer surfaces of lower eight ribs I: Linea alba A: B/L – aid in trunk flexion; unilateral – trunk rotation and lateral flexion
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Internal Oblique O: Lumbar fascia, iliac crest I: linea alba, pubic crest, costal margin last 3 – 4 ribs A: B/L – aid in trunk flexion; unilateral – trunk rotation and lateral flexion
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Transverse Abdominus O: Inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilage of last 6 ribs, iliac crest I: Linea alba, pubic crest A: Compresses abdominal contents
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Muscles of the Anterior Thorax
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Pectoralis Minor O: Anterior surface of ribs 3-5 I: Coracoid process of scapula A: Ribs fixed – draws scapula forward and down; scapula fixed – draws rib cage superior
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Muscles of the Posterior Thorax
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Trapezius O: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines from C7 to T12 I: Acromion and spine of scapula, lateral 1/3 of clavicle A: Superior – elevates scapula; middle – retract (adduct) scapula; inferior – depress scapula
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Levator Scapulae O: Transverse processes of C1 – C4 I: Medial border of scapula (superior to spine) A: Elevates / adducts scapula, flexes neck to same side
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Rhomboids O: Spinous processes of C7 – T5 I: Medial border of scapula A: Retract (adduct) scapula, stabilize scapula
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Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint
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Pectoralis Major O: Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage ribs 1-6 I: Greater tubercle of humerus A: Flexes arm, medially rotates arm, adducts arm (climbing, throwing, pushing)
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Latissimus Dorsi O: Fascial connection to spines of T7 – L5, lower 3-4 ribs, iliac crest I: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus A: Arm extension, arm adductor, medially rotates arm (hammering, swimming)
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Deltoid O: Embraces insertion of trapezius; lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus A: Abducts arm; anterior fibers – flexion, medial rot.; posterior fibers – extension, lateral rot.
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Rotator Cuff Muscles SITS Suprapinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis
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Supraspinatus O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula I: Greater tubercle of humerus A: Stabilizes shoulder joint. Prevents downward dislocation. Initiates shoulder abduction.
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Infraspinatus O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula I: Greater tubercle of humerus posterior to supraspinatus insertion A: Holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity, shoulder stabilization
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Teres Minor O: Lateral border of scapula (dorsal surface) I: Greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion A: Stabilize shoulder, adducts arm
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Subscapularis O: Subscapular fossa of scapula I: Lesser tubercle of humerus A: Medial rotation of humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint
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Teres Major O: Inferior angle of scapula I: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus A: Extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus
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Coracobrachialis O: Coracoid process of scapula I: Medial humerus A: Flexion and adduction of humerus
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Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint
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Posterior
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Triceps Brachii O: Scapula and humerus I: Olecranon process of ulna A: Forearm extensor
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Anterior
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Biceps Brachii O: Short head – coracoid process; long head – lip of glenoid cavity I: Radial tuberosity A: Flexes elbow joint, supinates forearm
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Brachialis O: Front of distal humerus I: Coronoid process of ulna A: Forearm flexor
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Brachioradialis O: Distal end of humerus I: Styloid process of radius A: Forearm flexion
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Muscles of the Forearm
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Anterior Superficial
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Pronator Teres O: Medial epicondyle of humerus I: Lateral radius A: Pronates forearm
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Flexor Carpi Radialis O: Medial epicondyle of humerus I: 2 nd and 3 rd metacarpals A: Flexor of wrist, abducts hand
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Palmaris Longus O: Medial epicondyle of humerus I: Skin and fascia of palm A: Wrist flexor
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process and posterior ulna I: Pisiform, hamate, and 5 th metacarpal A: Wrist flexion, adducts hand
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, shaft of radius I: Middle phalanges 2- 5. A: Flexes wrist and middle phalanges
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Anterior Deep
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Flexor Pollicis Longus O: Anterior radius, interosseus membrane I: Distal phalanx of the thumb A: Flexes distal phalanx of the thumb
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Flexor Digitorum Profundus O: Anteromedial surface of ulna and interosseus membrane I: Distal phalanges 2-5 A: Finger flexion
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Posterior Superficial
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Extensor Carpi Radialis O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: 3 rd metacarpal A: Extends wrist
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Extensor Carpi Digitorum O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: Distal phalanges 2-5 A: Finger extension, extends wrist
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior ulna I: 5 th metacarpal A: Extends wrist, adducts wrist
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Posterior Deep
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Supinator O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, proximal ulna I: Proximal radius A: Supinates forearm
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Extensor Pollicis O: Dorsal radius and ulna, interosseus membrane I: Proximal and distal phalanx of thumb A: Extends thumb
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Thenar Muscles
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Abductor Pollicis O: Posterior radius and ulna, interosseus membrane I: 1 st metacarpal and trapezium A: Abducts and extends thumb, abducts wrist
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Opponens Pollicis O: Flexor retinaculum and trapezium I: Anterior 1 st metacarpal A: Opposition: moves thumb to touch tip of middle finger
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Adductor Pollicis O: Metacarpals 2-4 I: Medial side of proximal phalanx of thumb A: Adducts thumb
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Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints
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Anterior and Medial Muscles
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Iliopsoas O: Iliac crest, TPs, bodies, and discs of T12 – L5 I: Lesser trochanter of femur A: Thigh flexor, trunk flexor, lateral flexion of trunk
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Sartorius O: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) I: Medial aspect of proximal Tibia A: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee
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Medial Compartment of the Thigh
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Gracilis O: Body of pubis I: Medial surface of Tibia A: Adducts thigh; flexes thigh; medially rotates thigh
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Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
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Quadriceps Femoris Four Heads – Rectus Femoris – Vastus Lateralis – Vastus Medialis – Vastus Intermedius
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Rectus Femoris O: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS) I: Patella and tibial tuberosity A: Extends knee; flexes thigh at hip
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Vastus Lateralis O: Greater trochanter I: Patella and tibial tuberosity A: Extends and stabilizes knee
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Vastus Medialis O: Linea aspera, intertrochanteric line I: Patella and tibial tuberosity A:Extends knee; inferior fibers stabilize patella
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Vastus Intermedius O: Anterior and lateral surface of proximal femur I: Patella and tibial tuberosity A: Extends knee
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Tensor Fascia Latae O: Iliac crest, ASIS I: Iliotibial tract A: Flexes and abducts thigh; pulls iliotibial tract taut
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Posterior Muscles
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Gluteus Maximus O: Dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx I: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, ITB A: Extends thigh
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Gluteus Medius & Minimus O: Surface of ilium I: Greater trochanter of femur A: Abducts and medially rotates thigh
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Lateral Rotators
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Piriformis O: Anterolateral surface of sacrum I: Greater trochanter of femur (superior border) A: Laterally rotates thigh
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Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
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Hamstrings Biceps femoris (two heads) Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
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Biceps Femoris O: Ischial tuberosity I: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia A: Extends thigh; flexes knee; laterally rotates leg
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Semitendinosus O: Ischial tuberosity I: Medial aspect of Tibia A: Extends thigh; flexes knee; medially rotates leg
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Semimembranosus O: Ischial tuberosity I: Medial condyle of tibia; lateral condyle of femur A: Extends thigh; flexes knee; medially rotates leg
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Muscles of the Leg
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Anterior Compartment
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Tibialis Anterior O: Upper 2/3 of tibia, interosseus membrane I: Medial cuneiform and 1 st metatarsal bone A: Dorsiflexion of foot
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Extensor Digitorum O: Proximal ¾ of fibula; interosseous membrane I: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 A: Toe extension; dorsiflexes foot
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Extensor Hallucis O: Fibula; interosseous membrane I: Distal phalanx of great toe A: Extends great toe; dorsiflexes foot
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Lateral Compartment
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Peroneus O: Lateral fibula I: Long tendon curves under foot to the 1 st metatarsal and medial cuneiform (longus); fifth metatarsal (brevis) A: Plantar flexes foot; everts foot.
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Posterior Compartment
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Triceps Surae Gastrocnemius (Two heads) Soleus
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Gastrocnemius O: Two heads from medial and lateral condyles of the femur I: Calcaneus A: Plantar flexes foot; can flex knee when the foot is dorsiflexed
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Soleus O: Superior tibia and fibula; interoesseous membrane I: Calcaneus A: Plantar flexes foot
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Flexor Digitorum Longus O: Posterior femur I: Calcaneus A: Plantar flexion of foot and flex leg at the knee
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