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Published byBertina Russell Modified over 9 years ago
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Age of Enlightenment in Europe Chapter 22
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Enlightenment Defined A revolution in intellectual activity changing the European view of government & society Began in the 1600s
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The Enlightenment in Europe Influenced by Scientific Revolution Led to idea that… –Reason could apply to laws governing humanity… –In areas of religion, government, economy & education
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Conflicting Theories & England’s Political Turmoil Thomas Hobbes theories favoring absolutism versus John Locke protection of the natural rights (i.e.democratic freedoms)
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Thomas Hobbes: Absolutist Citizens gave up natural rights to a strong ruler in exchange for law & order… Ideas were published in Leviathan, 1651 XC TOPIC: Leviathan by 3/22
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Charles I ruled 1625-1649 Lost the civil war with Parliament Issue: Absolutism in Government XC:Bio sketch on Charles I by 3/22
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Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Reacted to violence of civil war Leviathan was too secular for the exiles who threatened to murder him
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Charles II r. (1660-1685) Protected Hobbes…but Parliament censored his works & called him a heretic* XC: Charles II
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John Locke (1632-1704) Citizens are reasonable beings with capacity to… – govern themselves –look after welfare of society –learn from experience
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John Locke Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1697(artist) Hermitage
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James II (r. 1685-1688) Anti-Catholic Whig Party opposed his rule Helped overthrow him in 1688 Locke was a Whig
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Glorious Revolution, 1688 James II overthrown Constitutional monarchy in England –Rule of law applies to rulers Barred Catholics from throne XC: Details of Glorious Rev by 3/23
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Two Treatises on Government, 1690 Written in defense of the Glorious Revolution… –& to counter Hobbes Citizens have right to overthrow unjust government XC Presentation by 3/24
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Joint Rulers: 1689 Whig Parliament appointed William III & Mary II (Protestants) They had to accept the Bill of Rights before the coronation
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Religion & Politics In Britain Issues largely settled by end of 17 th century –Parliament held real power after 1689 Catholics had no rights until 1829 –Still barred from inheriting throne
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End of Part I
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