1. Warm-up: Write your answer to this question: Do you think that people are mostly good with some bad tendencies or inherently bad/greedy? Do you think that people are mostly good with some bad tendencies or inherently bad/greedy?

2. The Enlightenme nt Philosophers

3. The Enlightenment 18 th Century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society. 18 th Century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society. –AKA “The Age of Reason”

4. The Enlightenment Characteristics: Characteristics: –Applied reason to the human world, not just the natural world –Led to religious tolerance –Led to democratic revolutions

5. Enlightenment Thinkers Thomas Hobbes (England) Thomas Hobbes (England) John Locke (England) John Locke (England) Baron de Montesquieu (France) Baron de Montesquieu (France) Jean-Jacques Rousseau (France) Jean-Jacques Rousseau (France) Voltaire (France) Voltaire (France)

6. English Philosophers

7. Thomas Hobbes Famous Work: Leviathan Famous Work: Leviathan

8. Thomas Hobbes Beliefs: Beliefs: –Natural state of man is war –Strong central government needed to keep order  Supported Absolute Monarchy –Supported a social contract

9. John Locke Famous Work: Famous Work: Two Treatises on Government

10. John Locke Beliefs: Beliefs: –Government’s power comes from the people. –Government’s job is to protect people and their rights.  Did NOT support Absolute Monarchy

11. John Locke –People are born free and equal with three Natural Rights:  Life  Liberty  Property

12. John Locke Greatly inspired Thomas Jefferson’s writing of the Declaration of Independence. Greatly inspired Thomas Jefferson’s writing of the Declaration of Independence.

13. French “Philosophes”

14. Montesquieu Famous Work: The Spirit of Laws Famous Work: The Spirit of Laws

15. Montesquieu Beliefs: Beliefs: –Government should include separation of powers:  Legislative Branch – Makes laws  Executive Branch – Enforces laws  Judicial Branch – Interprets laws

16. Separation of Power

17. U.S. Separation of Power

18. Rousseau Famous Work: The Social Contract Famous Work: The Social Contract

19. Rousseau Beliefs: Beliefs: –Government is a contract between people and their rulers. –Rulers are elected by the people, and all people are equal.

20. Voltaire Famous Work: Candide Famous Work: Candide

21. Voltaire Beliefs: Beliefs: –Religious tolerance rather than fanaticism –Separation of church and state (government) –Freedom of speech

22. Voltaire US Constitution Freedom of Religion Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech Freedom of Speech Bill of Rights Bill of Rights First Amendment First Amendment

23. The Enlightenment Philosophies of the enlightenment fueled revolutions in the Americas and France Philosophies of the enlightenment fueled revolutions in the Americas and France