1. East African City States and Zimbabwe

2. East African City-States City-state: an independent city that has its own government and controls lands surrounding it Wealth came from trade with India, Arabia, and Persia

3. Climate and Geography of East African City States Key to establishing regular trade routes across Indian Ocean – Winter winds blow toward Africa bringing ships from India & Arabia to Africa Muslim traders trade tea, silk, and porcelain – Summer winds blow away from Africa taking ships to India & Arabia Muslim traders trade gold, ivory, slaves, and animal skins

4. Mixing of Cultures Traders settle along East African coast and marry African women New language emerges – Swahili, combination of Arabic words and language of Bantu-speaking African people Islam spreads – Mosques, Muslim houses of worship, are built

5. Great Zimbabwe Trading kingdom in Southern Africa – Developed as a trading center between inland gold fields to west and eastern coastal cities to the right Controlled and taxed trade passing through kingdom