1. South/Southeast Asia & the Spread of Islam Chapter 7 Pg. 160-170

2. Spread of Islam to S. Asia All previous invaders were assimilated into Indian culture until Islam All previous invaders were assimilated into Indian culture until Islam Islam & Hinduism are virtually opposite religions Islam & Hinduism are virtually opposite religions

3. 1 st Muslim Invasions 711 CE: first Muslim advance & interaction with India – little enduring change 711 CE: first Muslim advance & interaction with India – little enduring change –Result of previously established trade links –Arabs welcomed

4. Indian Influences on Islam Islamic civ further advanced by contact with another advanced society: India Islamic civ further advanced by contact with another advanced society: India –Math, particularly numerals –Science –Arts & customs

5. 2 nd Muslim Invasions 962 CE: Mahmud of Ghazni begins raids 962 CE: Mahmud of Ghazni begins raids –Focused in NW India –Drawn by wealth & desire to spread Islam 1190 CE: Muhammad of Ghur transitions to campaign for political control 1190 CE: Muhammad of Ghur transitions to campaign for political control –Extended control over northern & NE India Delhi Sultanate formed Delhi Sultanate formed

6. Patterns of Conversion Indians were predominantly converted by Sufi merchants & missionaries Indians were predominantly converted by Sufi merchants & missionaries –Successful in NW India & Bengal among Buddhists & low-castes Patterns of Accommodation Despite widespread business contacts, Muslims had little impact on Indian culture Despite widespread business contacts, Muslims had little impact on Indian culture Instead, Muslims adopted many aspects of Indian culture Instead, Muslims adopted many aspects of Indian culture

7. Islam vs. Hinduism Islamic challenge: proselytizing, strong appeal Islamic challenge: proselytizing, strong appeal Hindu revival: emphasized bhakti movements w/ personal emotional devotion Hindu revival: emphasized bhakti movements w/ personal emotional devotion Stand-off Islamic-Hindu similarities vigorously denounced by orthodox ulama & brahmans Islamic-Hindu similarities vigorously denounced by orthodox ulama & brahmans However, India remained one of the least affected areas with vigorous contact However, India remained one of the least affected areas with vigorous contact

8. Spread of Islam to SE Asia SE Asia: land of trade & converging influence SE Asia: land of trade & converging influence –Exposed to Islam as Arabs gained Indian Ocean dominance –Islam spread rapidly w/ fall of Buddhist Shrivijaya empire

9. Trading Contacts & Conversion Islam spread rapidly & peacefully through traders & Sufis Islam spread rapidly & peacefully through traders & Sufis –Port cities key vs. less receptive areas with established religion Sufis & SE Asian Islam Sufis mystical approach allowed for much greater tolerance & local adaptation Sufis mystical approach allowed for much greater tolerance & local adaptation –EX: women

10. Global Connections Islamic civ became great conduit during postclassical era, changing world as a result Islamic civ became great conduit during postclassical era, changing world as a result Yet, division & orthodoxy allowed Islamic civilization to be increasingly exploited Yet, division & orthodoxy allowed Islamic civilization to be increasingly exploited

11. Questions Assess the connection between Islam & commerce. Assess the connection between Islam & commerce. – “O you who believe, devour not excessive interest, doubling the sum lent. Fear Allah, that you may really prosper.” (Quran) – “Give just measure & cause no loss to others by fraud. Weigh with scales true & upright. Withhold not things justly due to men.” (Quran) – “Truthfulness leads to righteousness, & righteousness leads to Paradise. Falsehood leads to wickedness, & wickedness leads to Hell.” (Hadith) – “Gold is to be paid for by gold, silver by silver, wheat by wheat - equal for equal, payment being made on the spot. If the species differ, sell as you wish provided that payment is made on the spot.” (Hadith)