1. EUROPEANS EXPLORE THE EAST CHAPTER 19

2. WHAT ENCOURAGED EXPLORATION? 1. WEALTH 2. SPREAD CHRISTIANITY 3. ADVANCES SAILINGSAILING TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

3. DESIRE FOR WEALTH ► Trade of spices and other luxury goods from Asia  High Demand=High Price=Wealth for Merchants ► Muslims and Italians  Control of East to West trade routes  Demand high prices from European merchants for their goods…cuts into European profits ► Solution  Europeans need to find a sea route directly to Asia

4. SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY ► Crusades left a feeling of hostility between Christians and Muslims ► Europeans  Continue Fighting  Convert non-Christians throughout the World

5. BARTOLOMEU DIAS ► Portuguese explorer ► “to serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do”

6. ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY ► New ship design  1400’s  Caravel ► Triangular sails allow the ship to sail against the wind. ► Magnetic compass

7. PORTUGAL LEADS EXPLORATION ► Government Support  Prince Henry ► Wanted wealth and to spread Christianity ► Founded a navigation school  Established multiple trading posts along the shores of Africa ► Gold ► Ivory ► Slaves, eventually

8. SEA ROUTE TO ASIA ► Began with Dias  Gets around the Southern tip of Africa ► Vasco da Gama  Reached Southwest India in 1498 ► Discovered spices, rare silks, and precious gems ► 27,000 mile voyage, direct sea route to India ► Hero’s welcome when he returned home

9. SPAIN ► 1492, Christopher Columbus  Wants to find a route to Asia by sailing West across the Atlantic Ocean  October 1492, Columbus reached an island in the Caribbean ► Sets the stage for exploration and conquest of the Americas ► Treaty of Tordesillas  Spain and Portugal fight over control of the newly discovered lands  Pope steps in to settle the disagreement  1494, Spain and Portugal will split the land-imaginary line.

11. TRADING IN THE INDIAN OCEAN ► Portugal-a trading empire  Offer goods to Europeans at a cheaper price than the Muslims and Italians ► 1600’s, Portugal’s control of Indian Ocean trade is challenged by the English and the Dutch  Dutch East India Company  English East India Company