1. The Quest for Gold, Glory and God
European Exploration
The Quest for Gold, Glory and God

2. Factors that led to Exploration
Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe.
Support for the diffusion of Christianity
Political and economic competition between European empires
Innovations in navigational arts (European and Islamic origins)

3. Constantinople
In 1453, the Ottoman Turks captured the city of Constantinople.
Christian Europe did not want to trade with the Muslim Turks.
They wanted a new trade route to the Far East.
The maritime nations of western Europe decided to go around Africa or sail west to get to the Far East

4. Prince Henry the Navigator
Founded a school of navigation in Portugal
Sponsored Portuguese expeditions to explore coast of Africa

5. NAVIGATIONAL ARTS
CARAVEL-A multi-sail ship that can sail in different directions regardless of which way the wind blows. Larger, sturdier than previous ships.
ASTROLABE-(invented by the Muslims). Shows latitude by position of the stars.

6. Navigational Arts
COMPASS-(Chinese) Shows direction by always pointing due North.
Better maps-maps began to include the western hemisphere

7. Establishment of overseas empires
Portugal
Vasco da Gama
Explored the coast of Africa, Cape of Good Hope, and sailed to India

8. Establishment of overseas empires
Spain-
Columbus-
“Discovered” New World
1492
Cortes-
Conquered Aztecs

9. Establishment of overseas empires
Spain-
Pizarro- Conquered Incas
Magellan- First expedition to sail around the world

10. Now playing Spanish Explorers Click below.

11. Establishment of overseas empires
England-
Sir Francis Drake-First explorer to circumnavigate earth
France-
Jacques Cartier- Claimed Canada for France

12. The Spread of Christianity
Migration of colonists to new lands
Colonists wanted to spread Christianity
Catholics and Protestants carried their faith, language, and cultures to new lands
Conversion of indigenous (native) peoples
Wanted to gain religious freedom and escape religious persecution

13. The Americas
Europeans explored and claimed territories in the Americas
Europeans emigrated to their country’s colonial claims in North and South America
Demise of the Aztec and Inca Empires (conquered by Spain)
Led to a legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America

14. The Americas Forced migration of Africans into slavery
Establishment of plantation system
Colonies imitated culture and social patterns of their parent country

15. Africa
Europeans, especially Portuguese established trading posts along the coasts
Traded in slaves, gold, and other products
Trading posts became center of slave trade

16. Africa’s Indian Ocean Coast
Arabs had already established trading posts
Swahili was the common language of trade
Intrusion of the Portuguese--established trading posts
Impact on Spain and international trade
Spain wanted the gold, spices, wealth of the Portuguese.
Sent out expeditions to compete with Portuguese

17. Asia
India, the East Indies, and China were colonized first by small groups of merchants
More merchants and army followed
Portuguese, British and Dutch (Portugal, England, and Netherlands) established trading companies
Dutch East India, British East India Companies
Indian textiles influenced the British textile industry-cotton, design