1. 14.1, 15.1 and 15.2
The Age of Exploration

2. Objectives Understand European motivation for exploring the seas
Analyze the results of the first encounters between the Spanish and Native Americans
Understand the short and long term effects of the Spanish on the peoples of the Americas
Analyze the major features of Spanish colonial society and culture

3. Motivations “Glory, God and Gold”
Gold:Spices (Cinnamon, Pepper, nutmeg, salt)
Demand had risen as population recovered
Need to cut out the middle men
God: Chance to crusade against heathens and spread Roman Catholic faith
Glory: Renaissance spirit of inquiry and individualism

4. Medieval Trade Routes

5. Portuguese are the first
Led by Prince Henry ( )
Redesigned ships, made maps, trained sailors
Bartholomeu Dias: Southern most tip of Africa (1488)
Vasco da Gama: First to reach India; established trading in India (1498)

6. Innovation and Invention
Maps (Cartography)
Prince Henry the Navigator (Institute at Sagres)
The Astrolabe (latitude) and Compass
Better vessels called Caravels
triangle sails, fixed rudders, wider hulls
Better cannons

8. Christopher Columbus Spain wants in on trade profits
Sail West to get East
1492 Ferdinand and Isabella give him 3 ships
Depart Aug 3rd
Scurvy, misery
Arrive at San Salvador October 12th 1492

9. Dividing the World Fought over by Spain & Portugal
The issue was settled by Pope Alexander VI who drew a Line of Demarcation to separate Spanish land from Portuguese land
Later the Treaty of Tordsillas
Port. Get Brazil

10. Later Spanish Explorers
Amerigo Vespucci (1507)
Vasco Nunez De Balboa (1513)
Pacific Ocean
Juan Ponce De Leon
Florida/Fountain of Youth
Francisco De Coronado (1540)
7 cities of Gold/Grand Canyon
Hernando De Soto (1541)
Mississippi River

11. Ferdinand Magellan
September 1519 set out for a 2 year voyage to circumnavigate
Portuguese but working for Spain
5 ships 285 men
November ships enter the Strait of Magellan and sail into the Pacific Ocean
March 1521 reach the Philippines
Magellan killed
September 8th men and 1 ship return home

12. Conquistadors
Spanish conquistadors (conquers) attacked the natives in the Caribbean
Found enormous amounts of Gold and silver
Forced the natives to convert to Christianity and work for them
Hernan Cortes defeated the Aztecs (Montezuma) in Mexico
Francisco Pizarro defeated the Incas (Atahualpa) in Peru

14. The Spanish Model of Colonization
Policies
Viceroys (royal governors provide tight control)
No women except natives = mestizo
Wealth based on exploitation of natives and then Africans (by 1542)

16. The Northwest Passage
1497 John Cabot sent by Henry VIII to look for a way over N. America to the East
Newfoundland
1535 Jacques Cartier and Samuel De Champlain (France)
Henry Hudson
1609 had claimed New Amsterdam for the Dutch

18. English, French and Dutch Explorers
Date
Country
Discovery
John Cabot
1497
England
New England Coast
(Grand banks)
Jacques Cartier
1534
France
St. Lawrence River
Samuel De Champlain
1603
Founded Quebec
Henry Hudson
1609
Netherlands
Hudson Bay
New York