1. The foundation of Earth
Rocks
The foundation of Earth

2. What is a rock?
Rock= A naturally occuring mixture of minerals that constitutes a significant part of Earth’s crust.
Rocks form Earth’s hard surface

3. Rocks are everywhere!!!

4. 3 Major Groups of Rocks.
Rocks are divided into 3 main groups based on how they form!!!
A) Igneous Rocks
B) Sedimentary Rocks
C) Metamorphic

5. Igneous Rocks
Form from the cooling of molten rock (volcanic activity).
Referred to as the “Parent Rock” because igneous rocks where the first rocks on Earth and gave rise to the other groups.

6. Types of Igneous Rocks There are 2 types of igneous rocks:
Extrusive Igneous rocks= form from lava (outside of the volcano/above ground)
Intrusive Igneous rocks= form from magma (inside volcano/below the ground)

7. Extrusive and Intrusive Igneous Rocks

8. Sedimentary Rocks!!!
Forms when particles of other rocks and/or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
After sediment has been deposited, the process of compaction (pressing) and cementation (gluing) change the sediment into rock (takes a long time!!!).

9. Sediment to Rock!!

10. 3 Types of Sedimentary Rocks
A) Clastic= contains only rock fragments squeezed together
B) Organic= contains rock fragments AND once living plant/animal remains.
C) Chemical= form when a liquid dissolves and leaves mineralized crystals behind.

11. 3 Types of Sedimentary Rock
Organic Sedimentary Rock
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
Chemical Sedimentary Rock

12. Metamorphic Rocks
Formed when an existing rock is changed by HEAT, PRESSURE and CHEMICAL REACTION.
Formed (mainly) deep underground- because that’s where a rock will experience the must heat and pressure.
Most metamorphic rocks tend to be dull in color and luster.

13. Metamorphic Rocks!!

14. Rocks, Rocks Everywhere!!!!!
The only difference in the 3 types of rocks is HOW THEY ARE FORMED!!!!!

15. The Rock Cycle
A series of processes that changes rocks from one type to another.
**runs on melting & cooling, weathering, and heat & pressure.
***Any rock can be changed to any other kind of rock if/when exposed to certain elements.