1. Taxonomy: Classification of Life

2. Lesson Essential Questions
What is the basis for our modern system of taxonomy (classification of living things)?
How are organisms placed into kingdoms?

3. History of Taxonomy Carl Linnaeus Swedish botanist father of taxonomy
standardized binomial nomenclature (two name system: genus species), e.g., Homo sapiens
grouped organisms into species based on appearance

4. Modern Taxonomy based on evolutionary relationships
members of the same species share genetic similarities
3 domains
3 Domains of Life
descended from a Common Ancestor

5. Modern Taxonomy
3 domains further subdivided into 6 kingdoms

6. Kingdoms Organisms are categorized into kingdoms based on
Cell type (prokaryote or eukaryote)
Complexity (unicellular or multicellular)
How they obtain energy (autotroph or heterotroph)
6 KINGDOMS
ARCHAEBACTERIA
FUNGI
EUBACTERIA
PLANTAE
PROTISTA
ANIMALIA

7. Cell Type: Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
PROKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES
Simpler
More complex
Smaller in size
Larger in size
No nucleus
Nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
Membrane-bound organelles

8. Complexity: Unicellular or Multicellular?

9. How Energy is Obtained: Autotroph or Heterotroph?
Autotroph = “self-feeding”
Use light or chemicals to make their own energy
Producers
Heterotroph = “different nutrition”
Eat other organisms to obtain energy
Consumers
photoautotroph
chemoautotroph

10. ARCHAEBACTERIA “old bacteria”
Type of Cell
Prokaryotic
Metabolism
Autotrophic (Chemo/Photo) or Heterotrophic
Cell Number
Unicellular
Reproduction
Asexual: Binary fission
Examples
Methanogens: decomposition/digestion ①
Halophiles: salt loving ②
Thermoacidophiles: volcanic vent bacteria ③④

11. EUBACTERIA “true bacteria”
Type of Cell
Prokaryotic
Metabolism
Heterotrophic, some Photosynthetic Autotrophs
Cell Number
Unicellular
Reproduction
Asexual: Binary Fission
Examples
Disease-causing bacteria, probiotics, decomposing bacteria
strep
E. coli
staph
Cocci: round
Bacillus: rods
Spirillus: spiral

12. PROTISTA “first organism”
Type of Cell
Eukaryotic
Metabolism
Photosynthetic Autotrophs/Heterotrophs
Cell Number
Unicellular/Multicellular Colonials
Reproduction
Asexual: Mitosis
Examples
Algae, seaweed, zooplankton, phytoplankton, amoeba
paramecium
amoeba
spirogyra
volvox
euglena
dinoflagellate
plasmodium

13. FUNGI “sphongus” Greek for sponge
Type of Cell
Eukaryotic
Metabolism
Heterotrophic: saprophyte (absorbs from decomposition)
Cell Number
Unicellular or Multicellular
Reproduction
Asexual: mitosis Sexual: gamete union
Examples
Yeast, molds, mildew, mushrooms, puffballs
penicillium mold
toadstool
bracket
yeast
mushroom
puffball
black mold

14. PLANTAE Type of Cell Eukaryotic Metabolism Photosynthetic Autotrophs
Cell Number
Multicellular
Reproduction
Asexual: budding, runners Sexual: meiosis
Examples
Moss, ferns, conifers, flowering plants, fruits & vegetables
moss
ferns
conifers
flowering

15. ANIMALIA Type of Cell Eukaryotic Metabolism Heterotrophic Cell Number
Multicellular
Reproduction
Asexual (regeneration)/Sexual
Examples
Invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
mammals
invertebrates
amphibians
birds
fish
reptiles

16. Summarize
At the bottom of your notes, in your own words and in complete sentences, answer these two questions:
How has the basis for taxonomy (classification of living things) changed since Linneaus?
What criteria are used to classify organisms into kingdoms?