1. DNA and the Language of Life
Chapter 11

2. Genes are Made of DNA Griffin’s experiment (1928)
Avery’s experiment (1944)
Hershey and Chase experiment (1952)

3. Griffith’s experiment - 1928

4. Griffith showed that although a deadly strain of bacteria could be made harmless by heating it, some factor in that strain is still able to change other harmless bacteria into deadly ones. He called this the "transforming factor."

6. Avery’s experiment - 1944 Transforming factor - Protein or DNA?
Avery and colleagues treated a mixture of heat- treated deadly strain and harmless strain of bacteria with:
Protein-destroying enzyme
DNA-destroying enzyme

7. Hershey and Chase experiment -1952

8. The basic unit of the DNA molecule is called:
NUCLEOTIDE

9. A NUCLEOTIDE has three parts:
A ring-shaped sugar called deoxyribose
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base (single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms)

10. Nitrogenous Bases

11. Nucleotide monomers join together by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, forming a sugar-phosphate backbone.

12. The bases pair up (A-T & G-C) forming the double helix first described by Watson and Crick