1. Computer Applications to Business
Lecture 03-04

2. Outline Computers In Society Parts of computer a system
The information processing cycle
Essential Computer Hardware
Software
Application Software Terminologies
Types of Application Software

3. Computers In Society More impact than any other invention
Changed work and leisure activities
Used by all demographic groups
Computers are important because:
Provide information to users
Information is critical to our society
Managing information is difficult

4. Computers In Society Computers at home
Many homes have multiple computers
Most American homes have Internet
Computers are used for
Business
Entertainment
Communication
Education
Insider information
The 2000 Census determined that 51% of American households had computers. Over 42% of these households also had Internet access. This can be contrasted to 36% and 18% in See for more information.

5. Computers In Society Computers in education
Computer literacy required at all levels
Computers in small business
Makes businesses more profitable
Allows owners to manage
Computers in industry
Computers are used to design products
Assembly lines are automated
Insider information
Specialized mountain bikes are designed on Sun workstations.

6. Computers In Society Computers in government
Necessary to track data for population
Police officers
Tax calculation and collection
Governments were the first computer users
Teaching tip
Most state departments of motor vehicles rely on a mainframe computer. Officers access the mainframe from a remote intelligent terminal.

7. Parts of computer a system

8. Parts of computer a system
Computers come in variety of different sizes. No matter how large or small a computer system is has following four parts.
Hardware
Software
Data
User

9. Hardware
The mechanical devices that make up the computer are called hardware.
Hardware is any part of the computer you can touch.

10. Software
Software is a set of instructions that makes the computer perform tasks.
In other words, software tells the computer to do something.
Set of instructions = program
Set of programs = software

11. Data Collection of facts and figures.
Computer’s primary job is to convert data in to useful information.
Stored using the binary number system.
Data can be organized into files.

12. User People are the computer operators, also known as users.
Role depends on ability
Setup the system
Install software
Manage files
Maintain the system

13. Basic task of a computer
The basic task of computer is to convert raw data (useless data) in to information (useful data).
Convert
Data
Information

14. The information processing cycle

15. The information processing cycle
It is a set of steps the computer follows to :
Receive data,
Process the data according to instructions from a program,
Display the resulting information to the user, and
store the results

16. The information processing cycle
The information processing cycle has four parts, and each part involves one or more specific components of the computer:
Input
Processing
Output
Storage

17. Input
Computer accepts data from some source, such as the user or a program, for processing.
Processing
Computer’s processing components (processor) perform actions on the data, based on instructions from the user or a program.

18. Output
Computer may be required to display the results of its processing.
Computer also can send output to a printer, or
transfer the output to another computer through internet.
Output is Optional part of the information processing cycle.

19. Storage
Computer permanently store the results of its processing on a disk , tape, or some other kind of storage medium.
As with the output, Storage is optional and may not always be required by the user or program.

20. Information Processing Cycle

21. Essential Computer Hardware

22. Essential Computer Hardware
A computer’s hardware devices fall into one of four categories:
Processor
Memory
Input and Output
Storage

23. Processing Devices
The procedure that transforms raw data into useful information is called processing.
To perform this transformation computer uses two components:
Processor
Memory

24. Processor

25. Processor Sometimes also called as CPU.
CPU stands for Central Processing Unit.
It is also known as brain of the computer system.
CPU is the portion of computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program.

26. Processor
The processor /CPU is the device which converts the data in to information.
Its basic task is to process.
Now a days it is called microprocessor due to its smaller size.

27. Processor
Single microprocessor is made up of million or trillions of transistors.
A microprocessor is almost the size of a human thumb nail.

28. Memory Devices
Memory is one or more sets of chips that store data and/or program instructions, either temporarily or permanently.
There are two most important types of memory in Personal Computer:
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Read Only Memory (ROM)

29. Memory Devices RAM Volatile Stores current data and programs
More RAM results in a faster system
ROM
Permanent storage of programs
Holds the computer boot directions

30. Input and output devices
Allows the user to interact
Input devices accept data
Keyboard, mouse
Output devices deliver data
Monitor, printer, speaker
Some devices are input and output
Touch screens

31. Storage devices Storage devices Hold data and programs permanently
Different from RAM
Magnetic storage
Floppy and hard drive
Uses a magnet to access data
Optical storage
CD and DVD drives
Uses a laser to access data

32. Software Tells the computer what to do
Reason people purchase computers
There are two types of software
System software
Application software

33. System software
Any program that controls the computer’s hardware or that can be used to maintain the computer in some way that it runs more efficiently.
There are three types of System Software:
Operating system (OS)
Network operating system
Utility

34. 1. Operating system (OS)
A system software that controls both the hardware and other software is called operating system.
An Operating System acts as an interpreter between the hardware, application programs, and the user.
Examples are:
Microsoft Windows ,
The Macintosh OS, and
Linux

35. 2. Network operating system
Allows computers to communicate and share data across a network .
It controls network operations and security.
Example:
Windows Server 2003

36. 3. Utility
It is a program that makes computer system easier to use or perform highly specialized tasks.
Utilities are used to :
Manage disks
Troubleshoot hardware problems , and
Perform other tasks that OS itself may not be able to do.
Examples are:
Symantec Anti Virus , partitionMagic etc

37. Application software Accomplishes a specific task
Most common type of software
MS Word
Covers most common uses of computers
Other Examples are:
Adobe photoshop , Dreamweaver etc .

38. Application Software Terminologies
o Software Copyright
Copyright law gives a programmer a high degree of control over the program that he or she creates.
o Software License
Allowing an individual or group to use a piece of software.
Nearly all applications are licensed rather than sold.
o Software Piracy
The unauthorized copying of software.

39. Types of Application Software

40. On the basis of copyright
Commercial Software
Shareware Software
Freeware Software
Public Domain Software

41. On the basis of copyright
Commercial Software
Refers to any software that is designed for sale to serve a commercial need.
Commercial software is usually proprietary software, but in some instances it may be public-domain software.
Shareware Software
Most shareware is delivered free of charge, but the author usually requests that you pay a small fee if you like the program and use it regularly.
By sending the small fee, you become registered with the producer so that you can receive service assistance and updates.
You can copy shareware and pass it along to friends and colleagues, but they too are expected to pay a fee if they use the product

42. On the basis of copyright
Freeware Software
Copyrighted software given away for free by the author.
Although it is available for free, the author retains the copyright, which means that you cannot do anything with it that is not expressly allowed by the author.
Usually, the author allows people to use the software, but not sell it.
Public Domain Software
Refers to any program that is not copyrighted.
Public-domain software is free and can be used without restrictions. The term public-domain software is often used incorrectly to include freeware, free software that is nevertheless copyrighted.

43. On the basis of function
Productivity Software
Special Purpose Software
Entertainment Software

44. On the basis of function
Productivity Software
Dedicated to helping accomplish specific jobs such as documents, presentations, spreadsheets, databases, charts and graphs, create digital paintings, electronic music, make digital movies, etcetera.
Special Purpose Software
It is more limited in what it will do in and handles the specific needs of a particular profession or business.
For example, TurboTax (a tax preparation package) is a special purpose application.
It adds and subtracts numbers like a spreadsheet but it can't be used for other purposes apart from preparing taxes returns etc.

45. On the basis of function
Entertainment Software
Application Softwares that are developed for entertainment and amusement.
Examples are:
Screen savers
Video games
Mobile games