1. VoIP Applications for the Small Business

2. Agenda Evolution of Communications Digital vs VoIP
How VoIP works as a transport layer
What is “The Cloud”?
Common Applications
Advantages of VoIP
Misconceptions about VoIP

3. Evolution of Communications
Scream at your
Neighbor
IP PBX
Phone Guy Gets Yelled at!
2 Cans and
a String
CPE PBX using
IC Chips
Central Office

4. Digital vs VoIP Digital -Like a Subway or a Train VoIP – Like a Taxi
Goes Point to Point
Lots of people in the same car!
Predetermined stops
Not Very Flexible
VoIP – Like a Taxi
Dynamic in direction
Single Occupant
Goes to one address
Very Flexible

5. Telephone Systems Telephones are directly connected to the system
Telephones - limited distance from the KSU
Telephones are dumb terminals
System Hardware controls the configuration size
Communications is most often proprietary
Use Pulse Code Modulation
Use Time Division Multiplexing

6. Pulse Code Modulation Encoder
Time Division Multiplexing is the distance between the samples
Voice Conversation is transmitted in 0’s and 1’s

7. Transport Layer 010001110101 PSTN T1/PRI transport E&M Emulation
Ext 401
Voice
Ext 407
PBX
Ext 1401
Voice
Ext 2407
Digitized Voice
All 0’s and 1’s
Transmitted Via T1/PRI
PSTN
T1/PRI transport
E&M Emulation
PBX 1
PBX 2

8. What is VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol is the transmission of voice over a network – Not the Internet
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model:
7 = Application – processes applications
6 = Presentation – data representation and encryption
5 = Session – Inter-host communications
4 = Transport – End to end connections and reliability (TCP)
3 = Network – Path determination and logical addressing (IP)
2 = Data Line – Physical Addressing (MAC addresses & LLC)
1 = Physical – Medial, signal and binary transmission

9. 19216 WEST 81ST OFFICE 4 OFFICE 4 OFFICE 5 OFFICE 6 OFFICE 1 OFFICE 2
Address Driven
OFFICE 5
OFFICE 6
OFFICE 4
OFFICE 1
OFFICE 2
OFFICE 3 x
Server
Room
West 8.1st – Office 1
West 8.1st – Office 2
West 8.1st – Office 3
West 8.1st – Office 4
West 8.1st – Office 5
West 8.1st – Office 6
OFFICE 5
OFFICE 6
OFFICE 4
OFFICE 1
OFFICE 2
OFFICE 3 x
IP Address

10. Transport Layer Ext 1401 Voice Ext 2401 Internet Digitized Voice
All 0’s and 1’s
Packets addressed and
sent over the Internet
Internet transports from one
location to another using address
PBX 1
PBX 2
Gateway
Internet

11. What is the Cloud?

12. Common Applications Remote Worker
Unmanaged Network – Latency and jitter
Bandwidth Limitations
Only need one static IP Address
Internet
WAN
301
302
303

13. Common Applications Remote Workers Gateway Registration WAN Port
Remote Workers
Gateway Registration
WAN Port
Internet
301
302
303

14. Common Applications Creating a Voice Network
Unmanaged Network – Latency and jitter
Bandwidth Limitations
Only need one static IP Address
Internet
301
302
303
301
302
303

15. Common Applications Adding to the Voice Network Internet WAN LAN LAN
WAN
LAN
LAN
Internet
301
302
303
301
302
303

16. Common Applications Adding SIP trunks to the Voice Network Internet
Internet
SIP Trunks
301
302
303
SIP Trunks

17. Common Applications Two locations Internet SIP Trunks 67.28.190.127
Internet
301
302
303
301
302
303
SIP Trunks

18. Advantages to VoIP Standards of Interconnectivity
Dynamic in Installation and Application
Unlimited in Size – Global Network
Remote workers
Relatively easy to create a “Voice Network”
Easy to do MAC Work
Single Cable Runs (Maybe)
Tree Topology

19. Tree Topology 1 OFFICE 4 OFFICE 5 OFFICE 6 OFFICE 1 OFFICE 2 OFFICE 3x
Server
Room

20. Tree Topology 2 OFFICE 4 x x x OFFICE 5 OFFICE 6 OFFICE 1 OFFICE 2 x x x
Server
Room x x x

21. Disadvantages of VoIP Remains Expensive for the Small Business
Can be difficult to troubleshoot
Standards are still evolving
Quality of Voice over an Unmanaged Network
Lags on Call Processing Functionality
External Interfaces
Line appearances and buttons

22. Misconceptions about VoIP
I am going to save Money!
No more paying long distance toll charges
When I use VoIP I only need one cable drop per office
Using Remote workers will save me money because I can use a smaller office
The Answer to all VoIP Questions is…
It Depends

23. Thank You!