1. A Method for Improving Transfer Quality of CBR Streams over Wireless LANS Jarosław Śliwiński, Wojciech Burakowski and Andrzej Bęben Telecommunication Network Technologies Group Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

2. PGTS’2006 Outline Introduction Self-synchronised Packet Transfer mechanism Performance evaluation Summary

3. PGTS’2006 Introduction (1) Handling of constant bit rate (CBR) streams in Wireless LAN (WLAN) network is not solved in a satisfactory way CBR streams (e.g. VoIP, VTC) require: Low packet transfer delay (< 150ms) Low delay variation (<50ms) However, packets transferred in WLANs experience large delay variation about 20-30 ms

4. PGTS’2006 Introduction (2) What is the reason of large delay variation? MAC (Medium Access) protocol that uses random access to the medium with the backoff procedure As a consequence packet multiplexing in WLANs is different comparing with a wired systems. wired systemWLAN system

5. PGTS’2006 Introduction (3) Other solutions: 1. To extend MAC protocol with the polling mechanism that emulates TDMA system (PCF, HCCA) needs complicated control mechanism for scheduling transfer of particular stations in fact not available in existing devices (access point and WLAN cards) 2. To tune MAC protocol parameters (e.g. congestion window, inter-frame space) to differentiate packet handling (EDCF) delay variation can be limited but not eliminated gives only „relative” QoS not available in existing devices (possible in 802.11e)

6. PGTS’2006 SPT mechanism (1) Self-synchronised Packet Transfer (SPT): is aimed to avoid transmission backofffs by synchronisation moments when stations submit packets to the MAC layer is implemented on the top of MAC layer in each station SPT introduces „initial delay” in order to assure that packets are injected to MAC only when medium is idle

7. PGTS’2006 SPT mechanism (2) How SPT entity fixes its „initial delay” Each SPT entity fixes its „initial delay” independently form the other stations The SPT observes „the last transmission” and it fixes initial delay in such a way to start new transmission exactly one inter-arrival time (D) after the previous one T CONF – time when previous packet was confirmedD- CBR inter-arrival time T T –packet transmission time in WLANT ARRIV – packet arrival time When initial delay does not change for a few consecutive packets SPT is regarded as synchronised However, SPT may lose synchronisation when new call arrives

8. PGTS’2006 SPT mechanism (3) wired system WLAN system When all stations are synchronised we observe that: WLAN system with SPT mechanism

9. PGTS’2006 Performance evaluation (1) Objective: Evaluate packet delay characteristics Evaluate time that required for SPT synchronisation Simulated system: One Access Point (802.11b) dedicated for handling VoIP traffic A number of VoIP connections (G.729 codec, sending 60B packets every 20ms) each connection is handled by single station

10. PGTS’2006 Performance evaluation (2) Conclusions:  SPT assures constant packet transfer delay (IPDV=0)  Profit is especially visible in heavy load conditions  SPT can handle a few more VoIP connection then standard WLAN Packet transfer delay characteristics (IPTD, IPDV) collected in standard and SPT enhanced WLANs collected after passing synchronisation phase

11. PGTS’2006 Performance evaluation (3) Conclusions:  In most cases SPT synchronisation time is lower then 100ms SPT synchronisation time for N-th connection that arrived to the system with N-1 already synchronised connections

12. PGTS’2006 Summary The SPT mechanism: assures constant packet transfer delay after passing synchronisation phase synchronise in acceptable time (usually less then 100ms) does not require modification of MAC layer Further works: To analyse non-homogenous CBR sources To analyse impact of packet retransmissions