1. Chapter 3 Section 1 An Empire & its Colonies

2. ► England prizes its colonies because…  Supplied food & raw material  Bought large amounts of English goods

3. The English Civil War ► 2 opponents  King Charles I & Parliament ► Charles demanded money from towns & cities without Parliament’s consent

4. ► Parliament thought Charles was attempting to limit the powers of Parliament & the rights of English property owners ► Parliament army defeated the King’s & ordered Charles’ execution in January 1649 ► Oliver Cromwell became head of the government until his death in 1658

5. ► In 1660, Parliament restored the monarchy by placing Charles II on the throne

6. Mercantilism ► The theory of mercantilism  The more gold & silver a country has, the wealthier & more powerful it would be  Only way was through trade ► Balance of trade

7. ► Nations should have colonies where it could harvest raw materials & sell products ► The right to make goods for sale should be reserved for the parent country  Colonies would not be allowed to trade with other nations or manufacture goods for them

8. Effects of Trade laws ► England thought it was necessary to have as many colonies as possible ► 1660- Navigation Act was revised ► Tightened England’s control over trade ► Required the colonies to sell certain goods only to England  Sugar, tobacco, & cotton

9. ► If they wanted to sell to other countries, they paid a duty to England first ► Had to use English ships for all trade ► Discouraged trade with other nations

10. Effects on War & Politics ► More fighting over territory & trade ► Tightening control of colonies  King James II created the Dominion of New England ► Abolished legislature within the Dominion & replace them with a governor & a council appointed by him

11. Anger in the Colonies ► Edmund Andros- governor of the Dominion  Collected taxes without approval of King or colonists  Religious tolerance ► Parliament replaced King James II with his daughter Mary & husband William because of religious differences (Glorious Revolution)

12. ► Colonists held a mini rebellion imprisoning Andros  William & Mary dissolved the Dominion  Massachusetts new charter allowed the king to appoint a royal governor

13. Britain’s Colonial Policy in the Early 1700’s ► Origins of self government  Three types of colonies (all over time become a royal colony with a royal governor) ► Royal ► Proprietary ► Charter

14. ► In most colonies a governor acted as the chief executive  Colonial legislature served under the governor  Most consisted of an advisory council ► Upper house appointed by king ► Lower house elected by the people (White, male, land owners)

15. ► Legislature created & passed laws, set salaries for royal officials, & influenced appointments of judges

16. Salutary Neglect ► Question to think about: Why did the British government allow the colonists freedom to make their own decisions?

17. ► England had the tradition of strong local government & weak central power ► British government lacked the resources & the bureaucracy to enforce its wishes ► Existing economy & politics of the colonists already served British interests

18. Diverse Colonial Economies ► The southern colonies  Staple crops  VA & NC- tobacco  SC & GA- rice ► 16.9 million pounds in 1730’s ► 83.8 million pounds in 1770’s  Slave labor

19. The Middle Colonies ► Mixture of farming & commerce  Wheat, barley, & rye ► Philadelphia is the first port of entry for Germans & Scotch- Irish coming as indentured servants

20. ► Pennsylvania & New York –diverse  English, Dutch, French, Scots, Irish, Scotch- Irish, Germans, Swedes, Portuguese, Jews, Welsh, Africans, & Native American

21. The New England Colonies ► Small farms & towns dependent on long distance trade ► China, books, & cloth from England to the West Indies  Transport sugar from West Indies back to New England

22. ► Traded the rum & firearms for slaves in West Africa ► Carried the slaves to the West Indies for more sugar ► Triangular Trade