2. Sentence FragmentsSentence Fragments  Recipe for a complete sentence:  1) Subject  2) Verb  3) Express a complete thought If any of these requirements is not met, the group of words is a fragment rather than a complete sentence.

3. Sentence or Fragment?Sentence or Fragment?  Is a large, hairy spider.  The tarantula is a large, hairy spider.  Some tarantulas of South America to a body length of 3 ½ inches.  Some tarantulas of South America can grow to a body length of 3 ½ inches.  Although tarantulas of the United States are feared.  Although tarantulas of the United States are feared, their bite is only as dangerous as a bee sting.

4. When will I ever be able to use a fragment?  The stark mountains. The lush valley. The quiet lake. Why do the sentence fragments above not make sense, while the sentence fragments below do?  When he reached the peak, the hiker stopped to take in the beauty. The stark mountains. The lush valley. The quiet lake.

5. Practice  Identify what is missing in each case.  Missing subject : S  Missing verb: V  Incomplete thought: I  Complete sentence: C

6. Practice  1. Vampire bats only in the tropics of Central and South America.  2. Most horror tales about vampire bats are not true.  3. Vampire bats are very small mammals.  4. Although they do bite other animals.  5. That they do not drain their victims of blood.  6.Their small teeth are as sharp as needles.  7.While animals are sleeping.  8.But can be dangerous.  9.Some vampire bas are carriers of rabies.  10. The greatest danger to victims is infection.

7. Phrase FragmentsPhrase Fragments  Verbal phrases: a verbal is a word that is formed from a verb but is used as a different part of speech. A verbal phrase contains verbals.  EX: Learning about the Gobi desert.  Appositive phrases: an appositive is a noun or pronoun that identifies or describes a nearby word in the sentence. An appositive phrase consists of an appositive and its modifiers.  EX: A strange rock formation.  Prepositional phrases: a group of words that contains preposition, a noun, or pronoun called the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of the object.  EX: Of volcanic rock.

8. Subordinate Clause Fragments  A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb. An independent clause can stand alone as its own sentence while a subordinate clause cannot. - these type of clauses are easy to identify because they suggest a question.  Subordinate clauses telling why, where, or how (adverb clause) may be placed before the independent clause and set off with a comma.

9. Practice  Complete exercise #3 on pg. 345 in your Elements of Language book. Rewrite the paragraph.  Complete exercise #4 on pg. 346 in your Elements of Language book. You do not have to rewrite the subordinate clause ; however, you must underline it.