1. Kinds of Sentences

2. IMPORTANT!!!
There are TWO different categories of sentence types. Within each category, there are FOUR different kinds of sentences.

3. PURPOSE OF A SENTENCE
Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
Exclamatory

4. STRUCTURE OF A SENTENCE
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-Complex

5. A declarative sentence makes a statement. It ends with a period.
EXAMPLES:
He likes pepperoni pizza.
The umbrella is green.

6. Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks a question. It ends with a question mark.
EXAMPLES:
Do you like pepperoni pizza?
Have you seen my umbrella?

7. Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence gives a command. It ends with a period, or an exclamation point, if it is a strong command.
Examples:
please close the door.
Be quiet!

8. Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling. It ends with an exclamation point.
Examples:
We won the championship!
That’s great news!

9. Practice Time
See if you can correctly identify the following kinds of sentences.

10. What kind of sentence is this?
Are you going to the movies tonight?

11. Interrogative –because the sentence asks a question

12. What kind of sentence is this?
What a great movie that was!

13. Exclamatory –because the sentence shows strong feeling

14. What kind of sentence is this?
There are many different kinds of animals at the zoo.

15. Declarative –because the sentence makes a statement

16. What kind of sentence is this?
“Open to Chapter 5 of your math book.”

17. Imperative –because the sentence gives a command

18. What kind of sentence is this?
Bob has an iPod.

19. Declarative –because the sentence makes a statement

20. What kind of sentence is this?
Be careful with your iPod.

21. Imperative –because the sentence gives a command

22. What kind of sentence is this?
iPods are amazing!

23. Exclamatory –because the sentence shows strong feeling

24. What kind of sentence is this?
Do you have an iPod?

25. Interrogative –because the sentence asks a question

26. What kind of sentence is this?
Please pass the salt and pepper.

27. Imperative –because the sentence gives a command

28. What kind of sentence is this?
It is sunny outside.

29. Declarative –because the sentence makes a statement

30. What kind of sentence is this?
Are you planning to travel during your vacation?

31. Interrogative –because the sentence asks a question

32. What kind of sentence is this?
What a beautiful day!

33. Exclamatory –because the sentence shows strong feeling

34. What kind of sentence is this?
Would you like to go to the beach with me?

35. Interrogative –because the sentence asks a question

36. What kind of sentence is this?
Bring your hat and sunblock with you to the beach.

37. Imperative –because the sentence gives a command

38. What kind of sentence is this?
Wow! What a play!

39. Exclamatory –because the sentence shows strong feeling

40. What kind of sentence is this?
The student went to the store to buy some candy.

41. Declarative –because the sentence makes a statement

42. What kind of sentence is this?
What is your favorite food?

43. Interrogative –because the sentence asks a question

44. What kind of sentence is this?
Don’t forget to study for the test.

45. Imperative –because the sentence gives a command

46. What kind of sentence is this?
This is the last practice sentence.

47. Declarative –because the sentence makes a statement

48. The Clauses (No, not Santa and his family!)
Definition of a clause:
A group of words that contains a subject and a verb

49. There are two kinds of clauses:
Independent (main)
and
Dependent (subordinate)

50. A clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone.
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
A clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone.
AKA a sentence
Example:
Mary will read her poem

51. DEPENDENT CLAUSE A clause that DOES NOT express a complete thought AND
CANNOT stand by itself as a sentence
Examples:
because he memorized a poem

52. What makes a clause DEPENDENT?
A clause is dependent when it begins with a subordinate word.
Examples: after, although, as, because, before, even though, how, if, once, since, unless, than, that, though, until, where, whether, when, while, which, etc.

53. A DEPENDENT CLAUSE needs an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE to create a true sentence.
Because he memorized a poem, Cooper will receive extra credit.
Cooper will receive extra credit because he memorized a poem.

54. When the rain stops, the game will begin.
PUNCTUATION: When the dependent clause comes first, it is usually followed by a comma.
When the rain stops, the game will begin.

55. The game will begin when the rain stops.
PUNCTUATION: When the dependent clause comes last, there is generally no comma.
The game will begin when the rain stops.

56. He fell off of his bike when the car almost hit him.
Independent Clauses
Have both a subject and verb
Can stand alone as a complete sentence.
He fell off of his bike when the car almost hit him.

57. He fell off of his bike when
Dependent Clauses
Have both a subject and verb
Cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
He fell off of his bike when
the car almost hit him.

58. Let’s practice …
I’m going to show you a sentence, and you will decide if the underlined part is a DEPENDENT CLAUSE or INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.

59. Independent or Dependent?
Annie usually takes a shower before school, but today there was no hot water.

60. Independent or Dependent?
Annie usually takes a shower before school, but today there was no hot water.

61. Independent or Dependent?
Before she knew how to walk, Elsie used to scoot around on her bottom.

62. Independent or Dependent?
Before she knew how to walk, Elsie used to scoot around on her bottom.

63. Independent or Dependent?
The class hoped that the teacher would quit torturing them soon, but she had one more sentence.

64. Independent or Dependent?
The class hoped that the teacher would quit torturing them soon, but she had one more sentence.

65. Independent or Dependent?
Although you may not enjoy grammar, it is an important skill to master in order to be a good writer.

66. Independent or Dependent?
Although you may not enjoy grammar, it is an important skill to master in order to be a good writer.

67. Sentence Structure:
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound- Complex

68. Simple Sentence Definition: 1 independent clause
Examples:
Mary plays tennis.
(1 subject and 1 verb)
Jean and Sarah talked and laughed
for hours.
(compound subject and compound verb)

69. 2 (or more) Independent Clauses
Compound Sentence Definition:
2 (or more) Independent Clauses
Example: I went to the game early, but I forgot my wallet.
1 Independent
+ 1 Independent
= 2 Independent Clauses!

70. 2 ways to combine COMPOUND SENTENCES
Comma + Coordinating Conjunction
Semicolon

71. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
There are 7 coordinating conjunctions. Use “FANBOYS” to help you remember them!
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT OR
YET SO

72. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Independent Clause 1
Independent Clause 2
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and”
in compound
sentences!

73. COMPOUND SENTENCE: SEMICOLON
Semicolons separate two independent clauses that are closely related to each other but could stand on their own as sentences if you wanted them to.
Here's an example:
I have a big test tomorrow; I can't go out tonight.
The two clauses in that sentence are separated by a semicolon and could be sentences on their own if you put a period between them instead:
I have a big test tomorrow. I can't go out tonight.

74. *What is a Dependent Clause?
REVIEW!
*What is a Dependent Clause?
*What is an Independent Clause?
*What is a Simple Sentence?
*What is a
Compound Sentence?

75. Sentence Structure Practice:
Identify these sentences as simple (S) or compound (CD).
Ella hoped to win the contest and get a prize.
James saw the opportunity, and he drew back the bow.
Jack and Dustin scored well on the test in their math classes.
Kim decided she did want to go on the trip, yet she still had to raise the money to go.
My horse loves to run and buck in the sunshine.

76. What’s the subordinating conjunction in the dependent clause?
Complex Sentences
Definition: 1 independent clause + 1 dependent clause (at least)
Example: When I go home from school, (Dep) I like to ride my four wheeler. (Ind)
1 + 1… 1 of each!
What’s the subordinating conjunction in the dependent clause?
When

77. Complex Sentence When it started to snow, the children all cheered.
More Examples:
When it started to snow, the children all cheered.
I will grade all of the tests after I finish my lunch.
Before he started playing in the band, Josh wondered what he would do with all of his spare time.

78. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
In a complex sentence, the dependent clause is linked to the rest of the sentence by a subordinating conjunction.
The most common subordinating conjunctions are…
"after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether,” and while."

79. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
Clause Clause 2
Independent Dependent

80. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though he is ugly, Bob is popular.
Clause Clause 2
Dependent Independent

81. Sentence Structure practice:
Identify these sentences as compound (CD) or complex (CX):
After we clean up this mess, we will go get something to eat.
Shelia bought a new dress for the dance, but she couldn't find new shoes to match.
Jose did not win the contest although he practiced for days.
When you finish your homework, you may go outside and play.
Colby fell down the stairs, so he was limping later.

82. Compound -Complex Sentences
Definition: 2 independent clauses (at least) + 1 dependent clause (at least)
Example: I enjoy listening to music, and I just bought a new CD since my grandma gave me money for my birthday.
What is 1 Ind. Clause you see?
What is the 2nd Ind. Clause you see?
What is the Dep. Clause you see?

83. Compound -Complex Sentences
Continued…
Example: I enjoy listening to music, and I just bought a new CD since my grandma gave me money for my birthday.
What specifically is connecting the 2 Ind. Clauses?
Comma & the Coordinating Conjunction “and”…Remember, it’s a FANBOY!
What specifically is introducing the Dep. Clause?
The Subordinating Conjunction: since

84. Compound/Complex sentences:
Here are some CD/CX sentences. Identify the independent clauses and dependent clauses in each.
Michael always dresses nicely for school, and he always looks stylish because he likes to be neat.
After she gets out of school, Olivia grabs a quick snack, and she heads straight to cheerleading practice.
When Tyler looks out his window, he sees the beautiful day waiting, and he longs to be outside playing.

85. Compound/Complex sentences:
Here are some CD/CX sentences. Identify the independent clauses and dependent clauses in each.
1. Michael always dresses nicely for school, and he always looks stylish because he likes to be neat.
2. After she gets out of school, Olivia grabs a quick snack, and she heads straight to cheerleading practice.
3. When Tyler looks out his window, he sees the beautiful day waiting, and he longs to be outside playing.

86. Compound/Complex sentences:
Here are some CD/CX sentences. Identify the independent clauses and dependent clauses in each.
1. Michael always dresses nicely for school, and he always looks stylish because he likes to be neat.
2. After she gets out of school, Olivia grabs a quick snack, and she heads straight to cheerleading practice.
3. When Tyler looks out his window, he sees the beautiful day waiting, and he longs to be outside playing.

87. Compound/Complex sentences:
Here are some CD/CX sentences. Identify the independent clauses and dependent clauses in each.
1. Michael always dresses nicely for school, and he always looks stylish because he likes to be neat.
2. After she gets out of school, Olivia grabs a quick snack, and she heads straight to cheerleading practice.
3. When Tyler looks out his window, he sees the beautiful day waiting, and he longs to be outside playing.

88. The Four Sentence Structures
INDEPENDENT
CLAUSES
DEPENDENT
Simple 1
Compound
2 or more
Complex
1 or more
Compound-Complex

89. The End