1. Origins of the State

2. The State a body of people, living in a defined space,
with the power to make and enforce laws without having to check with any higher authority,
and with an
organization to do this.

3. Territory Sovereignty Government
Population
Territory
living in a defined space,
a body of people,
Sovereignty
Government
and with an organization to do this.
with the power to make and enforce laws without having to check with any higher authority,

4. Population
That’s us!
Definition: People who are the members or citizens of a state
The size of the population doesn’t matter
Population has a big influence on the type of government chosen by the state:
Is the population rural or urban?
What do people do for jobs?
Do people get along or disagree on basic issues?

5. Territory Definition: the area in which a state’s rule applies
A state must have set boundaries, but they are not always agreed on.
Boundaries can change in three ways:
war – people win or lose territory
negotiation – people agree to trade territory
purchase – states can buy territory from other states

6. Sovereignty
Definition: the ability to rule absolutely within a given territory
Because of sovereignty…
states can set their own foreign policy and agendas.
states are all equal in theory, but in reality that isn’t always the case.

7. That’s us!
Government
Definition: the organization that makes and enforces the laws
Government has many roles that all involve making public policy, but there are four main ways their governing affects the public…
Keeping Order
Protecting the Country
Providing Services
Making Economic Decisions

8. Keeping Order Roles of Government
Making and enforcing laws is all a part of keeping order in society
Structures like the police force and court system are in place to enforce the laws and settle disputes

9. Protecting the Country
Roles of Government
Protecting the Country
The government is responsible for defending the territory of the state
Security organizations like the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense are established to protect citizens
Treaties and alliances are formed with other countries to help keep our citizens safe

10. Providing Services Roles of Government
The government is responsible for providing basic services…
Programs for people who need help:
help buying food
welfare
medical services
Programs to keep people safe:
medicine
food
buildings

11. Making Economic Decisions
Roles of Government
Making Economic Decisions
The government makes decisions every day about how it spends money
The government also makes decisions about how our economy is going to function
Most public policy set by the government has to do with how money is spent!!

12. 4 Theories that Explain the Origins of the State

13. Force Theory The state was born by force.
One person or group claimed control and forced all within that area to submit to that person’s rule
The physically stronger person became chief of the tribe and then they fight other tribes

14. Evolutionary Theory
The state was developed naturally out of the early family
Head of the house is the head of the family
As the family developed networks of families became clans which became tribes and then a state was born
Religion plays a huge part

15. Divine Right Theory
Started with Aztecs, Mayan, Egyptians, China Japan and then very accepted in the 15th -18th centuries by the Europeans
God created the state
God gave “divine right” to rule: royalty was only accountable to God because he created the state

16. Social Contract Theory
Human beings in their unpleasant conditions agreed together to create the state
A contract was agreed upon and within that contract the people only gave as much power that was need to keep them safe.
This power was given to a government voluntarily from free people
The state only exists to sever the will of the people
The people are the sole source of political power and that they are free to give or withhold power from the government
This theory promotes the ideas of popular sovereignty limited gov’t and individual rights