1. Sustainable Intensification & Diversification of Rice-based Inland Valley Systems
Paul Kiepe
Regional Representative for East and Southern Africa
Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)
Sustainable Intensification of Cereal-based Farming Systems
6-9 February 2012, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2. Presentation outline 1. Rice Production
2. Importance of Lowlands for Crop Production
3. Production Constraints in Lowlands
4. Production Opportunities in Lowlands
5. Relevance of Proposal for Tanzania
6. Conclusion

3. Presentation outline 1. Rice Production
2. Importance of Lowlands for Crop Production
3. Production Constraints in Lowlands
4. Production Opportunities in Lowlands
5. Relevance of Proposal for Tanzania
6. Conclusion

4. Rice Production Rice is the World’s most important staple
Staple food of more than 3 billion people
Produced in more than 130 countries
Rice is usually grown for the domestic market (only 6% is grown for export)
About 12 countries export rice while only 5 of them dominate world export

6. Rice Production in Africa
Country
Production (Mt)
Share (%)
Madagascar
4.8
19.5
Egypt
4.5
18.3
Nigeria
4.2
17.0
Mali
2.3
9.3
Guinea
1.6
6.5
Tanzania
1.4
5.7

7. Rice Demand in Africa Staple food for many Africans
Since 1975 demand in Africa higher than production in Africa
Africa imported 9.3 Mt in 2010
1/3 of the world market
40% of its own needs
Rice demand in Africa is growing fastest in the world (6% per year)

8. Rice Production Constraints in Africa
Traditional production leads to low yields
Overdependence on rain-fed systems
Minimal use of external inputs
Outdated varieties & poor seed quality
Poor grain quality
Insufficient policy support
Lack of research and extension capacity

9. Presentation outline 1. Rice Production in Africa
2. Importance of Lowlands for Crop Production
3. Production Constraints in Lowlands
4. Production Opportunities in Lowlands
5. Relevance of Proposal for Tanzania
6. Conclusion

10. Rain-fed Lowlands

11. Yield Potential of Rice Ecologies
Actual
Attainable
Mangrove swamps
2.0
Deep water / floating
1.2
Irrigated systems
3.2
Rainfed lowlands
1.4
Rainfed uplands
1.0

12. Mega Environments Rain-fed Uplands Highland Systems Rain-fed Lowlands
Irrigated Systems

13. Not All Lowlands Are Suitable
Fragile wetlands should be saved and not developed for agriculture
Traditional uses like cultural ceremonies should continue
Natural biodiversity can be utilized but not destroyed
Environmental services need to be taken into account

14. Cultural Ceremonies Should Continue

15. Presentation outline 1. Rice Production in Africa
2. Importance of Lowlands for Crop Production
3. Production Constraints in Lowlands
4. Production Opportunities in Lowlands
5. Importance of Lowlands for Tanzania
6. Conclusion

16. Land Tenure Conflicts State vs traditional ownership
Land owner vs tenant
Native vs immigrant
Upstream vs downstream

17. Effect of Climate Anomalies
In Africa crop failure due to drought occurs already once every 5 years
Incidence and severity of drought expected to worsen with climate change
Rain-fed ecologies are most vulnerable
Irrigated lowlands face increased water competition

18. Low Labour Productivity
Manual labour leads to:
Cultivating small plots
Late planting  Late harvest  Low yield
Bad leveling  Uneven maturity 
High harvest and post-harvest losses
Drudgery

19. Presentation outline 1. Rice Production in Africa
2. Importance of Lowlands for Crop Production
3. Production Constraints in Lowlands
4. Production Opportunities in Lowlands
5. Relevance of Proposal for Tanzania
6. Conclusion

20. Land Tenure Conflict Management
Multi-Stakeholder Processes
Include all stakeholders
Land users (gender!)
Land owners
Policy makers
Negotiate long-term lease of land
Allow for investments
Ensure stability

21. Improved Water Management
Improved water control
Water conservation
Bunded paddies
Contour bunds
Water harvesting
Reservoirs
Micro-catchments

22. Water Productivity Increase water productivity
Develop low water-use systems
Optimize water productivity of shared water bodies

23. Small-Scale Mechanization
Land preparation (one power tiller plows the equivalent of 90 able men)
Threshing
Transport
- field to farm
- farm to market
Milling

24. Presentation outline 1. Rice Production in Africa
2. Importance of Lowlands for Crop Production
3. Production Constraints in Lowlands
4. Production Opportunities in Lowlands
5. Relevance of Proposal for Tanzania
6. Conclusion

25. Importance for Tanzania
Rice is the second most important crop in Tanzania
75% of rice is produced in rain-fed lowlands
Productivity of rice is generally low
Including vegetables will decrease undernourishment
Vegetables will increase farm income

26. Purpose of Proposal
Enhance the productivity and competitiveness of inland valley lowlands through sustainable intensification and diversification of agricultural productivity and product value chain development while conserving land and water resources

27. Work In Rice Development Hubs
Rice sector employs 20 million farmers
Most of them women
Sustains livelihood of 100M people
processors
producers
producers
traders

28. Four Main Pillars Multi-Stakeholder Platforms
Environmental Systems Analysis
Intensification & Diversification
Work in Rice Development Hubs

29. Products
Vibrant inland valley communities that resolve constraints and conflicts
Spatial model applicable at national scale to determine agricultural potential and ecosystem services
Innovations that enhance productivity and resource efficiency
Successful adaption by private sector and development partners

30. Presentation outline 1. Rice Production in Africa
2. Importance of Lowlands for Crop Production
3. Production Constraints in Lowlands
4. Production Opportunities in Lowlands
5. Relevance of Proposal for Tanzania
6. Conclusion

31. Conclusion
Tanzania has to step up rice production because the world market runs out
Rain-fed lowlands can largely supply enough rice for Tanzania and beyond
Sufficient lowland area will remain intact for traditional and environmental uses
Realization of sound water management can make rain-fed lowlands climate proof

32. Thank you!
Asanteni!
Center of Excellence for Rice Research