1. Dr Pradeep Kumar Professor in Physiology KGMU, Lko

2. a) using the energy ATP to extrude 2 Na out of cell in exchange for 3 K in to the cell b) When 3 sodium comes out and 2 potassium comes in the cell 2 ATP are synthesized c) 3 sodium and 2 potassium enter the cell by secondary active transport d) using the energy ATP to extrude 3 Na out of cell in exchange for 2 K in to the cell

3. a) Have variable protein and lipid content depending on the location of the cell b) Have stable composition throughout the life of the cycle c) Contain relatively few protein molecules d) Contain many carbohydrate molecules

4. a) is an organelle responsible for breakdown of protein and lipids b) is an organelle that participates in post translational processing of protein c) is an organelle that participates in transcription d) is an organelle that participates in energy production

5. a) allow for transport across a tissue barrier b) for sharing small molecules between cells c) serve as a barrier to prevent protein molecules with in cell membrane d) responsible for exocytosis

6. a) Cholesterol b) Phospholipids c) Proteins d) Nucleic acids

7. a) Mitochondria b) Lysosomes c) Within the nucleus d) Ribosomes

8. a. Diffusion b. Filtration c. Osmosis d. Active transport

9. a) Active transport b) Diffusion c) Osmosis c) facilitated diffusion

10. a)Mitochondria Makes ATP b) Vacuoles Storage areas c)Smooth ERSynthesis of nuclear proteins d)Golgi apparatusPackages and distributes cellular products

11. a) pinocytosis b) chemotaxis c) phagocytosis c) exocytosis

12. a) distilled water b) 5% glucose solution c) 0.9% NaCl d) hyperoncotic albumin

13. a) is terminated by influx of Na+ excessive receptors b) is terminated by efflux of K+ c) is initiated by efflux of Na+ d) is initiated by influx of K+

14. a) Na+-K+ pump b) Ca++ pump c) Na+- H+ pump d) Na+ glucose transport

15. a) DNA b) RNA c) Protein d) Nucleus

16. a) Can be blocked by specific inhibitors b) Do not require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) c) Require transport protein d) Transport solute against concentration gradient

17. a) Inhibition of the Na1, K1-ATPase b) Movement of K1 into the cell c) Movement of K1 out of the cell d) Movement of Na1 into the cell e) Movement of Na1 out of the cell

18. a) Facilitated diffusion via carrier proteins b) Primary active transport via carrier proteins c) Secondary co-transport d) Secondary counter-transport e) Simple diffusion through protein channels

19. a) differences in the DNA contained in the nucleus of each cell b) differences in the numbers of specific genes in their genomes c) cell-specific expression and repression of specific genes d) differences in the number of chromosomes in each cell

20. a) Thickness b) Ion permeability c) Fluidity d) Glycosylation e) Hydrophobicity